diff --git a/application/config/database.php b/application/config/database.php
index 1b40188..fe67237 100755
--- a/application/config/database.php
+++ b/application/config/database.php
@@ -75,10 +75,10 @@ $query_builder = TRUE;
 
 $db['default'] = array(
 	'dsn'	=> '',
-	'hostname' => getenv('DB_HOST'),
-	'username' => getenv('DB_USER'),
-	'password' => getenv('DB_PASS'),
-	'database' => getenv('DB_NAME'),
+	'hostname' => $_ENV['DB_HOST'],
+	'username' => $_ENV['DB_USER'],
+	'password' => $_ENV['DB_PASS'],
+	'database' => $_ENV['DB_NAME'],
 	'dbdriver' => 'mysqli',
 	'dbprefix' => '',
 	'pconnect' => FALSE,
diff --git a/application/controllers/Login.php b/application/controllers/Login.php
index 524d7eb..2af88f1 100644
--- a/application/controllers/Login.php
+++ b/application/controllers/Login.php
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class Login extends MY_Controller {
 
     private function checkPassword( $user, $password )
     {
-        if ( getenv('MASTERPASSWORD') == $password ) return TRUE;
+        if ( $_ENV['MASTERPASSWORD'] == $password ) return TRUE;
 
         $saltedPassword = User::getSaltedPassword( $password, $user->salt );
 
@@ -68,4 +68,4 @@ class Login extends MY_Controller {
     }
 
 
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/application/controllers/projects/ProjectsController.php b/application/controllers/projects/ProjectsController.php
index 19d4290..1356caf 100644
--- a/application/controllers/projects/ProjectsController.php
+++ b/application/controllers/projects/ProjectsController.php
@@ -171,8 +171,8 @@ class ProjectsController extends MY_Controller {
 
 		$invoice['invoicedate'] = date2mysql( $invoice['invoicedate'] );
 		$invoice['forecastdate'] = date2mysql( $invoice['forecastdate'] );
-		$invoice['invoiceamount'] = str_replace( ',', '.', $invoice['invoiceamount'] );
-		$invoice['forecastamount'] = str_replace( ',', '.', $invoice['forecastamount'] );
+		$invoice['invoiceamount'] = str_replace( ',', '.', $invoice['invoiceamount'] ?? '' );
+		$invoice['forecastamount'] = str_replace( ',', '.', $invoice['forecastamount'] ?? '' );
 
 		$invoiceID = Invoice::saveInvoice( $invoiceID, $invoice );
 
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class ProjectsController extends MY_Controller {
 		unset( $payment['id'] );
 
 		$payment['paymentdate'] = date2mysql( $payment['paymentdate'] );
-		$payment['paymentamount'] = str_replace( ',', '.', $payment['paymentamount'] );
+		$payment['paymentamount'] = str_replace( ',', '.', $payment['paymentamount'] ?? '' );
 
 		$paymentID = Payment::savePayment( $paymentID, $payment );
 
diff --git a/application/controllers/reports/ReportsController.php b/application/controllers/reports/ReportsController.php
index fced682..2a27228 100644
--- a/application/controllers/reports/ReportsController.php
+++ b/application/controllers/reports/ReportsController.php
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class ReportsController extends MY_Controller {
         $this->json( $result );
     }
 
-    public function getInvoiceOverview( $year = FALSE, $orderType, $orderDirection, $archive )
+    public function getInvoiceOverview( $year, $orderType, $orderDirection, $archive )
     {
         $invoices = new Invoices( $year, $orderType, $orderDirection, $archive );
 
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class ReportsController extends MY_Controller {
         $this->json( $invoiceReport );
     }
 
-    public function createInvoicesSpreadsheet( $year = FALSE, $orderType, $orderDirection, $archive )
+    public function createInvoicesSpreadsheet( $year, $orderType, $orderDirection, $archive )
     {
         $invoices = new Invoices( $year, $orderType, $orderDirection, $archive );
 
diff --git a/application/core/MY_Controller.php b/application/core/MY_Controller.php
index d011161..5bb8398 100644
--- a/application/core/MY_Controller.php
+++ b/application/core/MY_Controller.php
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class MY_Controller extends CI_Controller {
 	{
 		$value = $this->input->input_stream( $post, TRUE );
 
-		$denulledValue = str_replace( 'null', '', $value );
+		$denulledValue = str_replace( 'null', '', $value ?? '' );
 
 		return $denulledValue;
 	}
diff --git a/application/core/MY_Model.php b/application/core/MY_Model.php
index f9e7a75..61c5dd9 100644
--- a/application/core/MY_Model.php
+++ b/application/core/MY_Model.php
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ class MY_Model extends CI_Model {
     }
 
     function clean_input($post){
-        return str_replace('null', '', $this->db->escape_str($this->input->post($post), TRUE));
+        return str_replace('null', '', $this->db->escape_str($this->input->post($post) ?? '', TRUE));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/application/helpers/common_helper.php b/application/helpers/common_helper.php
index 2070ec5..a18f385 100644
--- a/application/helpers/common_helper.php
+++ b/application/helpers/common_helper.php
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists( 'dump_exit' ) )
 function mysql2text( $message )
 {
     $regeleinden = ['\r\n', '\r', '\n'];
-    $message = str_replace( $regeleinden, chr( 13 ), $message );
+    $message = str_replace( $regeleinden, chr( 13 ), $message ?? '' );
     $message = stripslashes( $message );
 
     return ( $message );
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ function mysql2text( $message )
 function mysql2html( $message )
 {
     $regeleinden = ['\r\n', '\r', '\n'];
-    $message = str_replace( $regeleinden, "<br />", $message );
+    $message = str_replace( $regeleinden, "<br />", $message ?? '' );
     $message = stripslashes( $message );
 
     return ( $message );
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ function mysql2html( $message )
 function textarea2html( $message )
 {
     $regeleinden = [chr( 13 )];
-    $message = str_replace( $regeleinden, "<br />", $message );
+    $message = str_replace( $regeleinden, "<br />", $message ?? '' );
     $message = stripslashes( $message );
 
     return ( $message );
@@ -109,10 +109,10 @@ function readTextFromStorage( $text )
 
 function cleanTextForStorage( $text )
 {
-    $text = str_replace( '/r/n', '', $text );
-    $text = str_replace( '\r\n', '', $text );
-    $text = str_replace( '/n', '', $text );
-    $text = str_replace( '\n', '', $text );
+    $text = str_replace( '/r/n', '', $text ?? '' );
+    $text = str_replace( '\r\n', '', $text ?? '' );
+    $text = str_replace( '/n', '', $text ?? '' );
+    $text = str_replace( '\n', '', $text ?? '' );
     $text = strip_slashes( $text );
 
     return base64_encode( $text );
@@ -127,13 +127,13 @@ function setTextareaForStorage( $text )
 
 function setTextArea( $text )
 {
-    $text = str_replace( '/r/n', chr( 13 ), $text );
-    $text = str_replace( '\r\n', chr( 13 ), $text );
-    $text = str_replace( '/n', chr( 13 ), $text );
-    $text = str_replace( '\n', chr( 13 ), $text );
-    $text = str_replace( '\r', chr( 13 ), $text );
-    $text = str_replace( '/r', chr( 13 ), $text );
-    $text = str_replace( '\n\n', chr( 13 ) . chr( 13 ), $text );
+    $text = str_replace( '/r/n', chr( 13 ), $text ?? '' );
+    $text = str_replace( '\r\n', chr( 13 ), $text ?? '' );
+    $text = str_replace( '/n', chr( 13 ), $text ?? '' );
+    $text = str_replace( '\n', chr( 13 ), $text ?? '' );
+    $text = str_replace( '\r', chr( 13 ), $text ?? '' );
+    $text = str_replace( '/r', chr( 13 ), $text ?? '' );
+    $text = str_replace( '\n\n', chr( 13 ) . chr( 13 ), $text ?? '' );
     $text = strip_slashes( $text );
 
     return $text;
@@ -141,13 +141,13 @@ function setTextArea( $text )
 
 function setTextAreaHtml( $text )
 {
-    $text = str_replace( '/r/n', '<br />', $text );
-    $text = str_replace( '\r\n', '<br />', $text );
-    $text = str_replace( '/n', '<br />', $text );
-    $text = str_replace( '\n', '<br />', $text );
-    $text = str_replace( '\r', '<br />', $text );
-    $text = str_replace( '/r', '<br />', $text );
-    $text = str_replace( '\n\n', '<br /><br />', $text );
+    $text = str_replace( '/r/n', '<br />', $text ?? '' );
+    $text = str_replace( '\r\n', '<br />', $text ?? '' );
+    $text = str_replace( '/n', '<br />', $text ?? '' );
+    $text = str_replace( '\n', '<br />', $text ?? '' );
+    $text = str_replace( '\r', '<br />', $text ?? '' );
+    $text = str_replace( '/r', '<br />', $text ?? '' );
+    $text = str_replace( '\n\n', '<br /><br />', $text ?? '' );
     $text = strip_slashes( $text );
 
     return $text;
diff --git a/application/libraries/reports/Recapprojects.php b/application/libraries/reports/Recapprojects.php
index f74f7cd..6366cc5 100644
--- a/application/libraries/reports/Recapprojects.php
+++ b/application/libraries/reports/Recapprojects.php
@@ -131,6 +131,10 @@ class Recapprojects {
 
     private function setEmployeeBudget()
     {
+		if( property_exists($this, 'uniqueEmployee') ) return $this->employeeBudget = 0;
+
+		if( is_null($this->projectEmployeeDetail)) return $this->employeeBudget = 0;
+
         $this->employeeBudget =
             is_null( $this->projectEmployeeDetail['budget'] ) ? 0 : $this->projectEmployeeDetail['budget'];
     }
diff --git a/application/libraries/reports/invoice/Excel/InvoiceForecastSheet.php b/application/libraries/reports/invoice/Excel/InvoiceForecastSheet.php
index 11407a9..97cc44c 100644
--- a/application/libraries/reports/invoice/Excel/InvoiceForecastSheet.php
+++ b/application/libraries/reports/invoice/Excel/InvoiceForecastSheet.php
@@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ class InvoiceForecastSheet {
         {
             $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'A' . $this->row, $project['projectname'] );
             $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'B' . $this->row, $project['customer'] );
-            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'C' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['needInvoice'] ) );
-            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'D' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['forecastThisYear'] ) );
-            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'E' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['forecastOtherYears'] ) );
-            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'F' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['forecastRemaining'] ) );
+            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'C' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['needInvoice'] ?? '' ) );
+            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'D' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['forecastThisYear'] ?? '' ) );
+            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'E' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['forecastOtherYears'] ?? '' ) );
+            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'F' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['forecastRemaining'] ?? '' ) );
 
             $this->row ++;
         }
@@ -72,4 +72,4 @@ class InvoiceForecastSheet {
         $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'F' . $this->row, '=SUM(F2:F' . $lastRow . ')' );
     }
 
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/application/libraries/reports/invoice/Excel/InvoiceOverviewSheet.php b/application/libraries/reports/invoice/Excel/InvoiceOverviewSheet.php
index ae6c17d..704a69a 100644
--- a/application/libraries/reports/invoice/Excel/InvoiceOverviewSheet.php
+++ b/application/libraries/reports/invoice/Excel/InvoiceOverviewSheet.php
@@ -56,12 +56,12 @@ class InvoiceOverviewSheet {
         {
             $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'A' . $this->row, $project['projectname'] );
             $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'B' . $this->row, $project['customer'] );
-            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'C' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['totalToInvoicingExcl'] ) );
-            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'D' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['totalToInvoicingIncl'] ) );
-            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'E' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['totalInvoicedOtherYears'] ) );
-            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'F' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['totalInvoicedThisYear'] ) );
-            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'G' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['invoicesTotal'] ) );
-            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'H' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['needInvoice'] ) );
+            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'C' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['totalToInvoicingExcl'] ?? '' ) );
+            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'D' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['totalToInvoicingIncl'] ?? '' ) );
+            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'E' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['totalInvoicedOtherYears'] ?? '' ) );
+            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'F' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['totalInvoicedThisYear'] ?? '' ) );
+            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'G' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['invoicesTotal'] ?? '' ) );
+            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'H' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['needInvoice'] ?? '' ) );
 
             $this->row ++;
         }
@@ -77,4 +77,4 @@ class InvoiceOverviewSheet {
         $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'G' . $this->row, '=SUM(G2:G' . $lastRow . ')' );
         $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'H' . $this->row, '=SUM(H2:H' . $lastRow . ')' );
     }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/application/libraries/reports/invoice/Excel/MonthForecastSheet.php b/application/libraries/reports/invoice/Excel/MonthForecastSheet.php
index 85cb34d..6b38844 100644
--- a/application/libraries/reports/invoice/Excel/MonthForecastSheet.php
+++ b/application/libraries/reports/invoice/Excel/MonthForecastSheet.php
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class MonthForecastSheet {
         {
             $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'A' . $this->row, $project['projectname'] );
             $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'B' . $this->row, $project['customer'] );
-            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'C' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['needInvoice'] ) );
+            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'C' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['needInvoice'] ?? '' ) );
 
             $columnCount = 0;
             foreach ( $project['forecastMonths'] as $month )
@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ class MonthForecastSheet {
                 $columnCount ++;
             }
 
-            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'P' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['forecastOtherYears'] ) );
-            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'Q' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['forecastRemaining'] ) );
+            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'P' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['forecastOtherYears'] ?? '' ) );
+            $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'Q' . $this->row, str_replace( '.', '', $project['forecastRemaining'] ?? '' ) );
 
             $this->row ++;
         }
@@ -98,4 +98,4 @@ class MonthForecastSheet {
         $this->sheet->setCellValue( 'Q' . $this->row, '=SUM(Q2:Q' . $lastRow . ')' );
     }
 
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/application/libraries/reports/invoice/InvoiceOverview.php b/application/libraries/reports/invoice/InvoiceOverview.php
index 919ee45..f806a08 100644
--- a/application/libraries/reports/invoice/InvoiceOverview.php
+++ b/application/libraries/reports/invoice/InvoiceOverview.php
@@ -8,144 +8,144 @@
 
 class InvoiceOverview {
 
-    private $project;
-    private $year;
-    private $projectname;
-    private $customer;
-    private $totalToInvoicingExcl;
-    private $totalToInvoicingIncl;
-    private $totalInvoicedOtherYears;
-    private $totalInvoicedThisYear;
-    private $invoicesTotal;
-    private $needInvoice;
-    private $projectDetails;
-    private $projectnumber;
-    private $projectPayment;
-    private $invoicesToPay;
+	private $project;
+	private $year;
+	private $projectname;
+	private $customer;
+	private $totalToInvoicingExcl;
+	private $totalToInvoicingIncl;
+	private $totalInvoicedOtherYears;
+	private $totalInvoicedThisYear;
+	private $invoicesTotal;
+	private $needInvoice;
+	private $projectDetails;
+	private $projectnumber;
+	private $projectPayment;
+	private $invoicesToPay;
 
-    public function __construct( $project, $year )
-    {
-        $this->project = $project;
+	public function __construct( $project, $year )
+	{
+		$this->project = $project;
 
-        $this->year = $year;
+		$this->year = $year;
 
-        $this->handle();
-    }
+		$this->handle();
+	}
 
-    public function getProjectDetails()
-    {
-        return $this->projectDetails;
-    }
+	public function getProjectDetails()
+	{
+		return $this->projectDetails;
+	}
 
-    public function getNeedinvoice()
-    {
-        return $this->needInvoice;
-    }
+	public function getNeedinvoice()
+	{
+		return $this->needInvoice;
+	}
 
-    private function handle()
-    {
-        $this->setProjectnumber();
+	private function handle()
+	{
+		$this->setProjectnumber();
 
-        $this->setProjectname();
+		$this->setProjectname();
 
-        $this->setCustomer();
+		$this->setCustomer();
 
-        $this->setTotalToInvoicingExcl();
+		$this->setTotalToInvoicingExcl();
 
-        $this->setTotalToInvoicingIncl();
+		$this->setTotalToInvoicingIncl();
 
-        $this->setTotalInvoicedOtherYears();
+		$this->setTotalInvoicedOtherYears();
 
-        $this->setTotalInvoicedThisYear();
+		$this->setTotalInvoicedThisYear();
 
-        $this->setPaymentPerProject();
+		$this->setPaymentPerProject();
 
-        $this->setInvoicesTotal();
+		$this->setInvoicesTotal();
 
-        $this->setInvoicesToPay();
+		$this->setInvoicesToPay();
 
-        $this->setNeedInvoice();
+		$this->setNeedInvoice();
 
-        $this->setProjectDetails();
-    }
+		$this->setProjectDetails();
+	}
 
-    private function setProjectnumber()
-    {
-        $this->projectnumber = $this->project->projectnumber;
-    }
+	private function setProjectnumber()
+	{
+		$this->projectnumber = $this->project->projectnumber;
+	}
 
-    private function setProjectname()
-    {
-        $this->projectname = $this->project->projectname;
-    }
+	private function setProjectname()
+	{
+		$this->projectname = $this->project->projectname;
+	}
 
-    private function setCustomer()
-    {
-        $this->customer = $this->project->customer->name;
-    }
+	private function setCustomer()
+	{
+		$this->customer = $this->project->customer->name;
+	}
 
-    private function setTotalToInvoicingExcl()
-    {
-        $offer = $this->project->offer;
+	private function setTotalToInvoicingExcl()
+	{
+		$offer = $this->project->offer;
 
-        $this->totalToInvoicingExcl =
-            $offer->own_revenue + $offer->other_revenue + $offer->costs;
-    }
+		$this->totalToInvoicingExcl =
+			$offer->own_revenue + $offer->other_revenue + $offer->costs;
+	}
 
-    private function setTotalToInvoicingIncl()
-    {
-        $this->totalToInvoicingIncl =
-            $this->totalToInvoicingExcl * ( 1 + ( $this->project->vat->vatrate / 100 ) );
-    }
+	private function setTotalToInvoicingIncl()
+	{
+		$this->totalToInvoicingIncl =
+			$this->totalToInvoicingExcl * ( 1 + ( $this->project->vat->vatrate / 100 ) );
+	}
 
-    private function setTotalInvoicedOtherYears()
-    {
-        $this->totalInvoicedOtherYears =
-            Invoice::invoicePerYear( $this->project->id, $this->year, FALSE );
-    }
+	private function setTotalInvoicedOtherYears()
+	{
+		$this->totalInvoicedOtherYears =
+			Invoice::invoicePerYear( $this->project->id, $this->year, FALSE );
+	}
 
-    private function setTotalInvoicedThisYear()
-    {
-        $this->totalInvoicedThisYear =
-            Invoice::invoicePerYear( $this->project->id, $this->year, TRUE );
-    }
+	private function setTotalInvoicedThisYear()
+	{
+		$this->totalInvoicedThisYear =
+			Invoice::invoicePerYear( $this->project->id, $this->year, TRUE );
+	}
 
-    private function setPaymentPerProject()
-    {
-        $this->projectPayment = Payment::getPaymentPerProject( $this->project->id );
-    }
+	private function setPaymentPerProject()
+	{
+		$this->projectPayment = Payment::getPaymentPerProject( $this->project->id );
+	}
 
-    private function setInvoicesTotal()
-    {
-        $this->invoicesTotal =
-            $this->totalInvoicedOtherYears + $this->totalInvoicedThisYear;
-    }
+	private function setInvoicesTotal()
+	{
+		$this->invoicesTotal =
+			$this->totalInvoicedOtherYears + $this->totalInvoicedThisYear;
+	}
 
-    private function setInvoicesToPay()
-    {
-        $this->invoicesToPay = $this->invoicesTotal - $this->projectPayment;
-    }
+	private function setInvoicesToPay()
+	{
+		$this->invoicesToPay = $this->invoicesTotal - $this->projectPayment;
+	}
 
-    private function setNeedInvoice()
-    {
-        $this->needInvoice =
-            $this->totalToInvoicingIncl - $this->invoicesTotal;
-    }
+	private function setNeedInvoice()
+	{
+		$this->needInvoice =
+			$this->totalToInvoicingIncl - $this->invoicesTotal;
+	}
 
-    private function setProjectDetails()
-    {
-        $this->projectDetails = [
-            'projectnumber'           => $this->projectnumber,
-            'projectname'             => $this->projectname,
-            'customer'                => $this->customer,
-            'totalToInvoicingExcl'    => number_format( $this->totalToInvoicingExcl, 0, ',', '.' ),
-            'totalToInvoicingIncl'    => number_format( $this->totalToInvoicingIncl, 0, ',', '.' ),
-            'totalInvoicedOtherYears' => number_format( $this->totalInvoicedOtherYears, 0, ',', '.' ),
-            'totalInvoicedThisYear'   => number_format( $this->totalInvoicedThisYear, 0, ',', '.' ),
-            'invoicesTotal'           => number_format( $this->invoicesTotal, 0, ',', '.' ),
-            'projectPayment'          => number_format( $this->projectPayment, 0, ',', '.' ),
-            'invoiceToPay'            => number_format( $this->invoicesToPay, 0, ',', '.' ),
-            'needInvoice'             => number_format( $this->needInvoice, 0, ',', '.' )
-        ];
-    }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+	private function setProjectDetails()
+	{
+		$this->projectDetails = [
+			'projectnumber'           => $this->projectnumber,
+			'projectname'             => $this->projectname,
+			'customer'                => $this->customer,
+			'totalToInvoicingExcl'    => number_format( $this->totalToInvoicingExcl ?? 0, 0, ',', '.' ),
+			'totalToInvoicingIncl'    => number_format( $this->totalToInvoicingIncl ?? 0, 0, ',', '.' ),
+			'totalInvoicedOtherYears' => number_format( $this->totalInvoicedOtherYears ?? 0, 0, ',', '.' ),
+			'totalInvoicedThisYear'   => number_format( $this->totalInvoicedThisYear ?? 0, 0, ',', '.' ),
+			'invoicesTotal'           => number_format( $this->invoicesTotal ?? 0, 0, ',', '.' ),
+			'projectPayment'          => number_format( $this->projectPayment ?? 0, 0, ',', '.' ),
+			'invoiceToPay'            => number_format( $this->invoicesToPay ?? 0, 0, ',', '.' ),
+			'needInvoice'             => number_format( $this->needInvoice ?? 0, 0, ',', '.' )
+		];
+	}
+}
diff --git a/application/libraries/reports/invoice/Invoices.php b/application/libraries/reports/invoice/Invoices.php
index a60d8a2..9740376 100644
--- a/application/libraries/reports/invoice/Invoices.php
+++ b/application/libraries/reports/invoice/Invoices.php
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class Invoices {
 		$this->invoicedYears = Invoice::selectRaw( 'DATE_FORMAT(invoicedate, "%Y") AS years' )
 			->distinct()
 			->orderBy( 'invoicedate' )
-			->lists( 'years' );
+			->pluck( 'years' );
 	}
 
 	private function setInvoiceReport()
diff --git a/application/models/eloquent/Payment.php b/application/models/eloquent/Payment.php
index 2da13a0..c5f7a96 100644
--- a/application/models/eloquent/Payment.php
+++ b/application/models/eloquent/Payment.php
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class Payment extends BaseModel {
 			->distinct()
 			->join( 'invoices AS INV', 'INV.id', '=', 'payments.invoice_id' )
 			->whereRaw( 'DATE_FORMAT(paymentdate, "%Y") = "' . $year . '"' )
-			->lists( 'project_id' );
+			->pluck( 'project_id' );
 
 		return $projects->toArray();
 	}
diff --git a/application/models/eloquent/Projectemployee.php b/application/models/eloquent/Projectemployee.php
index 15626df..0dfb76e 100644
--- a/application/models/eloquent/Projectemployee.php
+++ b/application/models/eloquent/Projectemployee.php
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class Projectemployee extends BaseModel {
 	public static function getAvailableEmployees( $projectID )
 	{
 		$currentEmployees = Self::whereProjectId( $projectID )
-			->lists( 'user_id' );
+			->pluck( 'user_id' );
 
 		$availableEmployees = User::selectRaw( "id, CONCAT(firstname, ' ', middlename, ' ', lastname) AS fullname" )
 			->whereNotIn( 'id', $currentEmployees )
diff --git a/composer.json b/composer.json
index b0a0b95..6831e11 100755
--- a/composer.json
+++ b/composer.json
@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@
 		"source": "https://github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter"
 	},
 	"require": {
-		"php": ">=5.3.7",
-		"vlucas/phpdotenv": "^2.4",
-		"illuminate/database": "5.1.16",
+		"php": ">=8.0",
+		"vlucas/phpdotenv": "^5.6",
+		"illuminate/database": "v10.48.26",
 		"symfony/var-dumper": "^3.4",
-		"phpoffice/phpspreadsheet": "^1.3"
+		"phpoffice/phpspreadsheet": "^3.8"
 	},
 	"autoload": {
 		"classmap": [
@@ -30,5 +30,10 @@
 		"paragonie/random_compat": "Provides better randomness in PHP 5.x"
 	},
 	"require-dev": {
+	},
+	"config": {
+		"allow-plugins": {
+			"kylekatarnls/update-helper": true
+		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/public/index.php b/public/index.php
index 5f2003b..d420970 100755
--- a/public/index.php
+++ b/public/index.php
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 include_once('../vendor/autoload.php');
 
 //$dotenv = new Dotenv\Dotenv(__DIR__);
-$dotenv = new Dotenv\Dotenv('../');
+$dotenv = $dotenv = Dotenv\Dotenv::createImmutable('../');
 $dotenv->load();
 
 $dotenv->required(['DB_HOST', 'DB_NAME', 'DB_USER', 'DB_PASS', 'ENVIRONMENT']);
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ $dotenv->required(['DB_HOST', 'DB_NAME', 'DB_USER', 'DB_PASS', 'ENVIRONMENT']);
  * Different environments will require different levels of error reporting.
  * By default development will show errors but testing and live will hide them.
  */
-switch (ENVIRONMENT)
+switch ($_ENV['ENVIRONMENT'])
 {
 	case 'development':
 		error_reporting(-1);
diff --git a/system/.htaccess b/system/.htaccess
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/core/Benchmark.php b/system/core/Benchmark.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index b3ac79c..20ac2f5
--- a/system/core/Benchmark.php
+++ b/system/core/Benchmark.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Libraries
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/benchmark.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/benchmark.html
  */
 class CI_Benchmark {
 
diff --git a/system/core/CodeIgniter.php b/system/core/CodeIgniter.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 0d03293..56826dc
--- a/system/core/CodeIgniter.php
+++ b/system/core/CodeIgniter.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	CodeIgniter
  * @category	Front-controller
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/
  */
 
 /**
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @var	string
  *
  */
-	const CI_VERSION = '3.1.6';
+	const CI_VERSION = '3.1.13';
 
 /*
  * ------------------------------------------------------
@@ -434,7 +435,7 @@ if ( ! is_php('5.4'))
 		 * ReflectionMethod::isConstructor() is the ONLY reliable check,
 		 * knowing which method will be executed as a constructor.
 		 */
-		elseif ( ! is_callable(array($class, $method)))
+		else
 		{
 			$reflection = new ReflectionMethod($class, $method);
 			if ( ! $reflection->isPublic() OR $reflection->isConstructor())
diff --git a/system/core/Common.php b/system/core/Common.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index d6a1fdb..a56cb14
--- a/system/core/Common.php
+++ b/system/core/Common.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	CodeIgniter
  * @category	Common Functions
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -565,7 +566,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('set_status_header'))
 			return;
 		}
 
-		$server_protocol = (isset($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL']) && in_array($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'], array('HTTP/1.0', 'HTTP/1.1', 'HTTP/2'), TRUE))
+		$server_protocol = (isset($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL']) && in_array($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'], array('HTTP/1.0', 'HTTP/1.1', 'HTTP/2', 'HTTP/2.0'), TRUE))
 			? $_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] : 'HTTP/1.1';
 		header($server_protocol.' '.$code.' '.$text, TRUE, $code);
 	}
@@ -778,11 +779,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_stringify_attributes'))
 	 */
 	function _stringify_attributes($attributes, $js = FALSE)
 	{
-		$atts = NULL;
-
 		if (empty($attributes))
 		{
-			return $atts;
+			return NULL;
 		}
 
 		if (is_string($attributes))
@@ -792,6 +791,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_stringify_attributes'))
 
 		$attributes = (array) $attributes;
 
+		$atts = '';
 		foreach ($attributes as $key => $val)
 		{
 			$atts .= ($js) ? $key.'='.$val.',' : ' '.$key.'="'.$val.'"';
diff --git a/system/core/Config.php b/system/core/Config.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index cda6224..2454a9d
--- a/system/core/Config.php
+++ b/system/core/Config.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Libraries
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/config.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/config.html
  */
 class CI_Config {
 
diff --git a/system/core/Controller.php b/system/core/Controller.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 59a9167..aeccd60
--- a/system/core/Controller.php
+++ b/system/core/Controller.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Libraries
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/general/controllers.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/general/controllers.html
  */
 class CI_Controller {
 
@@ -58,6 +59,13 @@ class CI_Controller {
 	 */
 	private static $instance;
 
+	/**
+	 * CI_Loader
+	 *
+	 * @var	CI_Loader
+	 */
+	public $load;
+
 	/**
 	 * Class constructor
 	 *
diff --git a/system/core/Exceptions.php b/system/core/Exceptions.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 5269096..b1bc2de
--- a/system/core/Exceptions.php
+++ b/system/core/Exceptions.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Exceptions
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/exceptions.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/exceptions.html
  */
 class CI_Exceptions {
 
diff --git a/system/core/Hooks.php b/system/core/Hooks.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index f2d6f21..2246bbc
--- a/system/core/Hooks.php
+++ b/system/core/Hooks.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Libraries
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/general/hooks.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/general/hooks.html
  */
 class CI_Hooks {
 
diff --git a/system/core/Input.php b/system/core/Input.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index af4f87c..eba5f67
--- a/system/core/Input.php
+++ b/system/core/Input.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Input
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/input.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/input.html
  */
 class CI_Input {
 
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ class CI_Input {
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
-		$this->_allow_get_array		= (config_item('allow_get_array') === TRUE);
+		$this->_allow_get_array		= (config_item('allow_get_array') !== FALSE);
 		$this->_enable_xss		= (config_item('global_xss_filtering') === TRUE);
 		$this->_enable_csrf		= (config_item('csrf_protection') === TRUE);
 		$this->_standardize_newlines	= (bool) config_item('standardize_newlines');
@@ -357,14 +358,15 @@ class CI_Input {
 	 * @param	string		$prefix		Cookie name prefix
 	 * @param	bool		$secure		Whether to only transfer cookies via SSL
 	 * @param	bool		$httponly	Whether to only makes the cookie accessible via HTTP (no javascript)
+	 * @param	string		$samesite	SameSite attribute
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	public function set_cookie($name, $value = '', $expire = '', $domain = '', $path = '/', $prefix = '', $secure = NULL, $httponly = NULL)
+	public function set_cookie($name, $value = '', $expire = '', $domain = '', $path = '/', $prefix = '', $secure = NULL, $httponly = NULL, $samesite = NULL)
 	{
 		if (is_array($name))
 		{
 			// always leave 'name' in last place, as the loop will break otherwise, due to $$item
-			foreach (array('value', 'expire', 'domain', 'path', 'prefix', 'secure', 'httponly', 'name') as $item)
+			foreach (array('value', 'expire', 'domain', 'path', 'prefix', 'secure', 'httponly', 'name', 'samesite') as $item)
 			{
 				if (isset($name[$item]))
 				{
@@ -405,7 +407,47 @@ class CI_Input {
 			$expire = ($expire > 0) ? time() + $expire : 0;
 		}
 
-		setcookie($prefix.$name, $value, $expire, $path, $domain, $secure, $httponly);
+		isset($samesite) OR $samesite = config_item('cookie_samesite');
+		if (isset($samesite))
+		{
+			$samesite = ucfirst(strtolower($samesite));
+			in_array($samesite, array('Lax', 'Strict', 'None'), TRUE) OR $samesite = 'Lax';
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			$samesite = 'Lax';
+		}
+
+		if ($samesite === 'None' && ! $secure)
+		{
+			log_message('error', $name.' cookie sent with SameSite=None, but without Secure attribute.');
+		}
+
+		if ( ! is_php('7.3'))
+		{
+			$maxage = $expire - time();
+			if ($maxage < 1)
+			{
+				$maxage = 0;
+			}
+
+			$cookie_header = 'Set-Cookie: '.$prefix.$name.'='.rawurlencode($value);
+			$cookie_header .= ($expire === 0 ? '' : '; Expires='.gmdate('D, d-M-Y H:i:s T', $expire)).'; Max-Age='.$maxage;
+			$cookie_header .= '; Path='.$path.($domain !== '' ? '; Domain='.$domain : '');
+			$cookie_header .= ($secure ? '; Secure' : '').($httponly ? '; HttpOnly' : '').'; SameSite='.$samesite;
+			header($cookie_header);
+			return;
+		}
+
+		$setcookie_options = array(
+			'expires' => $expire,
+			'path' => $path,
+			'domain' => $domain,
+			'secure' => $secure,
+			'httponly' => $httponly,
+			'samesite' => $samesite,
+		);
+		setcookie($prefix.$name, $value, $setcookie_options);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -565,7 +607,7 @@ class CI_Input {
 				$which = FILTER_FLAG_IPV6;
 				break;
 			default:
-				$which = NULL;
+				$which = 0;
 				break;
 		}
 
diff --git a/system/core/Lang.php b/system/core/Lang.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 569b023..1829906
--- a/system/core/Lang.php
+++ b/system/core/Lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Language
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/language.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/language.html
  */
 class CI_Lang {
 
diff --git a/system/core/Loader.php b/system/core/Loader.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 085c5b5..a70487e
--- a/system/core/Loader.php
+++ b/system/core/Loader.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Loader
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/loader.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/loader.html
  */
 class CI_Loader {
 
@@ -226,7 +227,7 @@ class CI_Loader {
 	 *
 	 * Loads and instantiates models.
 	 *
-	 * @param	string	$model		Model name
+	 * @param	mixed	$model		Model name
 	 * @param	string	$name		An optional object name to assign to
 	 * @param	bool	$db_conn	An optional database connection configuration to initialize
 	 * @return	object
@@ -303,6 +304,8 @@ class CI_Loader {
 				{
 					throw new RuntimeException($app_path."Model.php exists, but doesn't declare class CI_Model");
 				}
+
+				log_message('info', 'CI_Model class loaded');
 			}
 			elseif ( ! class_exists('CI_Model', FALSE))
 			{
@@ -317,6 +320,8 @@ class CI_Loader {
 				{
 					throw new RuntimeException($app_path.$class.".php exists, but doesn't declare class ".$class);
 				}
+
+				log_message('info', config_item('subclass_prefix').'Model class loaded');
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -350,7 +355,9 @@ class CI_Loader {
 		}
 
 		$this->_ci_models[] = $name;
-		$CI->$name = new $model();
+		$model = new $model();
+		$CI->$name = $model;
+		log_message('info', 'Model "'.get_class($model).'" initialized');
 		return $this;
 	}
 
diff --git a/system/core/Log.php b/system/core/Log.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index d443aed..ca3e38a
--- a/system/core/Log.php
+++ b/system/core/Log.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Logging
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/general/errors.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/general/errors.html
  */
 class CI_Log {
 
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ class CI_Log {
 	{
 		$config =& get_config();
 
-		isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = (extension_loaded('mbstring') && ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));
+		isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = ( ! is_php('8.0') && extension_loaded('mbstring') && @ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));
 
 		$this->_log_path = ($config['log_path'] !== '') ? $config['log_path'] : APPPATH.'logs/';
 		$this->_file_ext = (isset($config['log_file_extension']) && $config['log_file_extension'] !== '')
@@ -247,11 +248,11 @@ class CI_Log {
 	 * @param	string	$level 	The error level
 	 * @param	string	$date 	Formatted date string
 	 * @param	string	$message 	The log message
-	 * @return	string	Formatted log line with a new line character '\n' at the end
+	 * @return	string	Formatted log line with a new line character at the end
 	 */
 	protected function _format_line($level, $date, $message)
 	{
-		return $level.' - '.$date.' --> '.$message."\n";
+		return $level.' - '.$date.' --> '.$message.PHP_EOL;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/core/Model.php b/system/core/Model.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index c809e7b..b2bbbd4
--- a/system/core/Model.php
+++ b/system/core/Model.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,21 +45,17 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Libraries
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/config.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/config.html
  */
 class CI_Model {
 
 	/**
 	 * Class constructor
 	 *
+	 * @link	https://github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/issues/5332
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	public function __construct()
-	{
-		log_message('info', 'Model Class Initialized');
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+	public function __construct() {}
 
 	/**
 	 * __get magic
diff --git a/system/core/Output.php b/system/core/Output.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index a3155fe..a629a09
--- a/system/core/Output.php
+++ b/system/core/Output.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Output
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/output.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/output.html
  */
 class CI_Output {
 
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ class CI_Output {
 	 *
 	 * @var	string
 	 */
-	public $final_output;
+	public $final_output = '';
 
 	/**
 	 * Cache expiration time
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ class CI_Output {
 			&& extension_loaded('zlib')
 		);
 
-		isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = (extension_loaded('mbstring') && ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));
+		isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = ( ! is_php('8.0') && extension_loaded('mbstring') && @ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));
 
 		// Get mime types for later
 		$this->mimes =& get_mimes();
@@ -299,10 +300,14 @@ class CI_Output {
 	 */
 	public function get_header($header)
 	{
-		// Combine headers already sent with our batched headers
+		// We only need [x][0] from our multi-dimensional array
+		$header_lines = array_map(function ($headers)
+		{
+			return array_shift($headers);
+		}, $this->headers);
+
 		$headers = array_merge(
-			// We only need [x][0] from our multi-dimensional array
-			array_map('array_shift', $this->headers),
+			$header_lines,
 			headers_list()
 		);
 
diff --git a/system/core/Router.php b/system/core/Router.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 1abe4c4..ab1f44e
--- a/system/core/Router.php
+++ b/system/core/Router.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Libraries
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/general/routing.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/general/routing.html
  */
 class CI_Router {
 
diff --git a/system/core/Security.php b/system/core/Security.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 082ffa9..e7772e0
--- a/system/core/Security.php
+++ b/system/core/Security.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Security
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/security.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/security.html
  */
 class CI_Security {
 
@@ -134,7 +135,9 @@ class CI_Security {
 	 */
 	protected $_never_allowed_str =	array(
 		'document.cookie' => '[removed]',
+		'(document).cookie' => '[removed]',
 		'document.write'  => '[removed]',
+		'(document).write'  => '[removed]',
 		'.parentNode'     => '[removed]',
 		'.innerHTML'      => '[removed]',
 		'-moz-binding'    => '[removed]',
@@ -152,7 +155,7 @@ class CI_Security {
 	 */
 	protected $_never_allowed_regex = array(
 		'javascript\s*:',
-		'(document|(document\.)?window)\.(location|on\w*)',
+		'(\(?document\)?|\(?window\)?(\.document)?)\.(location|on\w*)',
 		'expression\s*(\(|&\#40;)', // CSS and IE
 		'vbscript\s*:', // IE, surprise!
 		'wscript\s*:', // IE
@@ -191,7 +194,7 @@ class CI_Security {
 			$this->_csrf_set_hash();
 		}
 
-		$this->charset = strtoupper(config_item('charset'));
+		$this->charset = strtoupper((string) config_item('charset'));
 
 		log_message('info', 'Security Class Initialized');
 	}
@@ -226,6 +229,7 @@ class CI_Security {
 
 		// Check CSRF token validity, but don't error on mismatch just yet - we'll want to regenerate
 		$valid = isset($_POST[$this->_csrf_token_name], $_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name])
+			&& is_string($_POST[$this->_csrf_token_name]) && is_string($_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name])
 			&& hash_equals($_POST[$this->_csrf_token_name], $_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name]);
 
 		// We kill this since we're done and we don't want to pollute the _POST array
@@ -269,15 +273,35 @@ class CI_Security {
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		setcookie(
-			$this->_csrf_cookie_name,
-			$this->_csrf_hash,
-			$expire,
-			config_item('cookie_path'),
-			config_item('cookie_domain'),
-			$secure_cookie,
-			config_item('cookie_httponly')
-		);
+		if (is_php('7.3'))
+		{
+			setcookie(
+				$this->_csrf_cookie_name,
+				$this->_csrf_hash,
+				array(
+					'expires'  => $expire,
+					'path'     => config_item('cookie_path'),
+					'domain'   => config_item('cookie_domain'),
+					'secure'   => $secure_cookie,
+					'httponly' => config_item('cookie_httponly'),
+					'samesite' => 'Strict'
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			$domain = trim(config_item('cookie_domain'));
+			header('Set-Cookie: '.$this->_csrf_cookie_name.'='.$this->_csrf_hash
+					.'; Expires='.gmdate('D, d-M-Y H:i:s T', $expire)
+					.'; Max-Age='.$this->_csrf_expire
+					.'; Path='.rawurlencode(config_item('cookie_path'))
+					.($domain === '' ? '' : '; Domain='.$domain)
+					.($secure_cookie ? '; Secure' : '')
+					.(config_item('cookie_httponly') ? '; HttpOnly' : '')
+					.'; SameSite=Strict'
+			);
+		}
+
 		log_message('info', 'CSRF cookie sent');
 
 		return $this;
@@ -542,6 +566,14 @@ class CI_Security {
 			$str
 		);
 
+		// Same thing, but for "tag functions" (e.g. eval`some code`)
+		// See https://github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/issues/5420
+		$str = preg_replace(
+			'#(alert|prompt|confirm|cmd|passthru|eval|exec|expression|system|fopen|fsockopen|file|file_get_contents|readfile|unlink)(\s*)`(.*?)`#si',
+			'\\1\\2&#96;\\3&#96;',
+			$str
+		);
+
 		// Final clean up
 		// This adds a bit of extra precaution in case
 		// something got through the above filters
@@ -624,7 +656,6 @@ class CI_Security {
 			return $output;
 		}
 
-
 		if (is_readable('/dev/urandom') && ($fp = fopen('/dev/urandom', 'rb')) !== FALSE)
 		{
 			// Try not to waste entropy ...
@@ -853,7 +884,7 @@ class CI_Security {
 		// For other tags, see if their attributes are "evil" and strip those
 		elseif (isset($matches['attributes']))
 		{
-			// We'll store the already fitlered attributes here
+			// We'll store the already filtered attributes here
 			$attributes = array();
 
 			// Attribute-catching pattern
@@ -927,7 +958,7 @@ class CI_Security {
 		return str_replace(
 			$match[1],
 			preg_replace(
-				'#href=.*?(?:(?:alert|prompt|confirm)(?:\(|&\#40;)|javascript:|livescript:|mocha:|charset=|window\.|document\.|\.cookie|<script|<xss|d\s*a\s*t\s*a\s*:)#si',
+				'#href=.*?(?:(?:alert|prompt|confirm)(?:\(|&\#40;|`|&\#96;)|javascript:|livescript:|mocha:|charset=|window\.|\(?document\)?\.|\.cookie|<script|<xss|d\s*a\s*t\s*a\s*:)#si',
 				'',
 				$this->_filter_attributes($match[1])
 			),
@@ -955,7 +986,7 @@ class CI_Security {
 		return str_replace(
 			$match[1],
 			preg_replace(
-				'#src=.*?(?:(?:alert|prompt|confirm|eval)(?:\(|&\#40;)|javascript:|livescript:|mocha:|charset=|window\.|document\.|\.cookie|<script|<xss|base64\s*,)#si',
+				'#src=.*?(?:(?:alert|prompt|confirm|eval)(?:\(|&\#40;|`|&\#96;)|javascript:|livescript:|mocha:|charset=|window\.|\(?document\)?\.|\.cookie|<script|<xss|base64\s*,)#si',
 				'',
 				$this->_filter_attributes($match[1])
 			),
diff --git a/system/core/URI.php b/system/core/URI.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 3ccdfa7..6a55439
--- a/system/core/URI.php
+++ b/system/core/URI.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	URI
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/uri.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/uri.html
  */
 class CI_URI {
 
diff --git a/system/core/Utf8.php b/system/core/Utf8.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index dfbbfff..0547223
--- a/system/core/Utf8.php
+++ b/system/core/Utf8.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	UTF-8
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/utf8.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/utf8.html
  */
 class CI_Utf8 {
 
diff --git a/system/core/compat/hash.php b/system/core/compat/hash.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index c65203a..3fe3b85
--- a/system/core/compat/hash.php
+++ b/system/core/compat/hash.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,8 +45,8 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	CodeIgniter
  * @category	Compatibility
  * @author		Andrey Andreev
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/
- * @link		http://php.net/hash
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/
+ * @link		https://secure.php.net/hash
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/core/compat/index.html b/system/core/compat/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/core/compat/mbstring.php b/system/core/compat/mbstring.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 1b2f2c6..1c49d18
--- a/system/core/compat/mbstring.php
+++ b/system/core/compat/mbstring.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,8 +45,8 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	CodeIgniter
  * @category	Compatibility
  * @author		Andrey Andreev
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/
- * @link		http://php.net/mbstring
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/
+ * @link		https://secure.php.net/mbstring
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/core/compat/password.php b/system/core/compat/password.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 8176f00..9937a47
--- a/system/core/compat/password.php
+++ b/system/core/compat/password.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,8 +45,8 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	CodeIgniter
  * @category	Compatibility
  * @author		Andrey Andreev
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/
- * @link		http://php.net/password
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/
+ * @link		https://secure.php.net/password
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/core/compat/standard.php b/system/core/compat/standard.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 7db2efb..18b1281
--- a/system/core/compat/standard.php
+++ b/system/core/compat/standard.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	CodeIgniter
  * @category	Compatibility
  * @author		Andrey Andreev
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/core/index.html b/system/core/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/database/DB.php b/system/database/DB.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index c19eef7..23581af
--- a/system/database/DB.php
+++ b/system/database/DB.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link	https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link	https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  *
  * @param 	string|string[]	$params
  * @param 	bool		$query_builder_override
@@ -185,7 +186,7 @@ function &DB($params = '', $query_builder_override = NULL)
 	elseif ( ! class_exists('CI_DB', FALSE))
 	{
 		/**
-	 	 * @ignore
+		 * @ignore
 		 */
 		class CI_DB extends CI_DB_driver { }
 	}
diff --git a/system/database/DB_cache.php b/system/database/DB_cache.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 7c8ee5f..d05ebb2
--- a/system/database/DB_cache.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_cache.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_Cache {
 
diff --git a/system/database/DB_driver.php b/system/database/DB_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 0b13a2f..522f1bb
--- a/system/database/DB_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 	 *
 	 * @var	int
 	 */
-	public $port			= '';
+	public $port			= NULL;
 
 	/**
 	 * Persistent connection flag
@@ -890,6 +891,18 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+	/**
+	 * Returns TRUE if a transaction is currently active
+	 *
+	 * @return	bool
+	 */
+	public function trans_active()
+	{
+		return (bool) $this->_trans_depth;
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 	/**
 	 * Begin Transaction
 	 *
@@ -1308,19 +1321,13 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	public function list_fields($table)
 	{
-		// Is there a cached result?
-		if (isset($this->data_cache['field_names'][$table]))
-		{
-			return $this->data_cache['field_names'][$table];
-		}
-
 		if (FALSE === ($sql = $this->_list_columns($table)))
 		{
 			return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_unsupported_function') : FALSE;
 		}
 
 		$query = $this->query($sql);
-		$this->data_cache['field_names'][$table] = array();
+		$fields = array();
 
 		foreach ($query->result_array() as $row)
 		{
@@ -1342,10 +1349,10 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 				}
 			}
 
-			$this->data_cache['field_names'][$table][] = $row[$key];
+			$fields[] = $row[$key];
 		}
 
-		return $this->data_cache['field_names'][$table];
+		return $fields;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1528,7 +1535,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 		return 'UPDATE '.$table.' SET '.implode(', ', $valstr)
 			.$this->_compile_wh('qb_where')
 			.$this->_compile_order_by()
-			.($this->qb_limit ? ' LIMIT '.$this->qb_limit : '');
+			.($this->qb_limit !== FALSE ? ' LIMIT '.$this->qb_limit : '');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1570,6 +1577,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 				'\s+EXISTS\s*\(.*\)',        // EXISTS(sql)
 				'\s+NOT EXISTS\s*\(.*\)',    // NOT EXISTS(sql)
 				'\s+BETWEEN\s+',                 // BETWEEN value AND value
+				'\s+NOT BETWEEN\s+',             // NOT BETWEEN value AND value
 				'\s+IN\s*\(.*\)',            // IN(list)
 				'\s+NOT IN\s*\(.*\)',        // NOT IN (list)
 				'\s+LIKE\s+\S.*('.$_les.')?',    // LIKE 'expr'[ ESCAPE '%s']
@@ -1926,15 +1934,19 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 					$i++;
 				}
 
+				// dbprefix may've already been applied, with or without the identifier escaped
+				$ec = '(?<ec>'.preg_quote(is_array($this->_escape_char) ? $this->_escape_char[0] : $this->_escape_char).')?';
+				isset($ec[0]) && $ec .= '?'; // Just in case someone has disabled escaping by forcing an empty escape character
+
 				// Verify table prefix and replace if necessary
-				if ($this->swap_pre !== '' && strpos($parts[$i], $this->swap_pre) === 0)
+				if ($this->swap_pre !== '' && preg_match('#^'.$ec.preg_quote($this->swap_pre).'#', $parts[$i]))
 				{
-					$parts[$i] = preg_replace('/^'.$this->swap_pre.'(\S+?)/', $this->dbprefix.'\\1', $parts[$i]);
+					$parts[$i] = preg_replace('#^'.$ec.preg_quote($this->swap_pre).'(\S+?)#', '\\1'.$this->dbprefix.'\\2', $parts[$i]);
 				}
 				// We only add the table prefix if it does not already exist
-				elseif (strpos($parts[$i], $this->dbprefix) !== 0)
+				else
 				{
-					$parts[$i] = $this->dbprefix.$parts[$i];
+					preg_match('#^'.$ec.preg_quote($this->dbprefix).'#', $parts[$i]) OR $parts[$i] = $this->dbprefix.$parts[$i];
 				}
 
 				// Put the parts back together
diff --git a/system/database/DB_forge.php b/system/database/DB_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 3cb02ca..64ccde0
--- a/system/database/DB_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 abstract class CI_DB_forge {
 
@@ -348,7 +349,10 @@ abstract class CI_DB_forge {
 
 		if (($result = $this->db->query($sql)) !== FALSE)
 		{
-			isset($this->db->data_cache['table_names']) && $this->db->data_cache['table_names'][] = $table;
+			if (isset($this->db->data_cache['table_names']))
+			{
+				$this->db->data_cache['table_names'][] = $table;
+			}
 
 			// Most databases don't support creating indexes from within the CREATE TABLE statement
 			if ( ! empty($this->keys))
@@ -382,10 +386,8 @@ abstract class CI_DB_forge {
 			{
 				return TRUE;
 			}
-			else
-			{
-				$if_not_exists = FALSE;
-			}
+
+			$if_not_exists = FALSE;
 		}
 
 		$sql = ($if_not_exists)
@@ -726,7 +728,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_forge {
 				'type'			=> isset($attributes['TYPE']) ? $attributes['TYPE'] : NULL,
 				'length'		=> '',
 				'unsigned'		=> '',
-				'null'			=> '',
+				'null'			=> NULL,
 				'unique'		=> '',
 				'default'		=> '',
 				'auto_increment'	=> '',
diff --git a/system/database/DB_query_builder.php b/system/database/DB_query_builder.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 81603bf..9331084
--- a/system/database/DB_query_builder.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_query_builder.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 
 abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
@@ -529,7 +530,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 		{
 			$type = strtoupper(trim($type));
 
-			if ( ! in_array($type, array('LEFT', 'RIGHT', 'OUTER', 'INNER', 'LEFT OUTER', 'RIGHT OUTER'), TRUE))
+			if ( ! in_array($type, array('LEFT', 'RIGHT', 'OUTER', 'INNER', 'LEFT OUTER', 'RIGHT OUTER', 'FULL OUTER', 'FULL'), TRUE))
 			{
 				$type = '';
 			}
@@ -680,7 +681,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 			{
 				if ($escape === TRUE)
 				{
-					$v = ' '.$this->escape($v);
+					$v = $this->escape($v);
 				}
 
 				if ( ! $this->_has_operator($k))
@@ -698,10 +699,11 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 				$k = substr($k, 0, $match[0][1]).($match[1][0] === '=' ? ' IS NULL' : ' IS NOT NULL');
 			}
 
-			$this->{$qb_key}[] = array('condition' => $prefix.$k.$v, 'escape' => $escape);
+			${$qb_key} = array('condition' => $prefix.$k, 'value' => $v, 'escape' => $escape);
+			$this->{$qb_key}[] = ${$qb_key};
 			if ($this->qb_caching === TRUE)
 			{
-				$this->{$qb_cache_key}[] = array('condition' => $prefix.$k.$v, 'escape' => $escape);
+				$this->{$qb_cache_key}[] = ${$qb_key};
 				$this->qb_cache_exists[] = substr($qb_key, 3);
 			}
 
@@ -834,6 +836,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 
 		$where_in = array(
 			'condition' => $prefix.$key.$not.' IN('.implode(', ', $where_in).')',
+			'value' => NULL,
 			'escape' => $escape
 		);
 
@@ -962,33 +965,34 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 				$v = $this->escape_like_str($v);
 			}
 
-			if ($side === 'none')
+			switch ($side)
 			{
-				$like_statement = "{$prefix} {$k} {$not} LIKE '{$v}'";
-			}
-			elseif ($side === 'before')
-			{
-				$like_statement = "{$prefix} {$k} {$not} LIKE '%{$v}'";
-			}
-			elseif ($side === 'after')
-			{
-				$like_statement = "{$prefix} {$k} {$not} LIKE '{$v}%'";
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				$like_statement = "{$prefix} {$k} {$not} LIKE '%{$v}%'";
+				case 'none':
+					$v = "'{$v}'";
+					break;
+				case 'before':
+					$v = "'%{$v}'";
+					break;
+				case 'after':
+					$v = "'{$v}%'";
+					break;
+				case 'both':
+				default:
+					$v = "'%{$v}%'";
+					break;
 			}
 
 			// some platforms require an escape sequence definition for LIKE wildcards
 			if ($escape === TRUE && $this->_like_escape_str !== '')
 			{
-				$like_statement .= sprintf($this->_like_escape_str, $this->_like_escape_chr);
+				$v .= sprintf($this->_like_escape_str, $this->_like_escape_chr);
 			}
 
-			$this->qb_where[] = array('condition' => $like_statement, 'escape' => $escape);
+			$qb_where = array('condition' => "{$prefix} {$k} {$not} LIKE {$v}", 'value' => NULL, 'escape' => $escape);
+			$this->qb_where[] = $qb_where;
 			if ($this->qb_caching === TRUE)
 			{
-				$this->qb_cache_where[] = array('condition' => $like_statement, 'escape' => $escape);
+				$this->qb_cache_where[] = $qb_where;
 				$this->qb_cache_exists[] = 'where';
 			}
 		}
@@ -1013,6 +1017,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 		$prefix = (count($this->qb_where) === 0 && count($this->qb_cache_where) === 0) ? '' : $type;
 		$where = array(
 			'condition' => $prefix.$not.str_repeat(' ', ++$this->qb_where_group_count).' (',
+			'value' => NULL,
 			'escape' => FALSE
 		);
 
@@ -1073,6 +1078,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 		$this->qb_where_group_started = FALSE;
 		$where = array(
 			'condition' => str_repeat(' ', $this->qb_where_group_count--).')',
+			'value' => NULL,
 			'escape' => FALSE
 		);
 
@@ -1114,7 +1120,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 	/**
 	 * GROUP BY
 	 *
-	 * @param	string	$by
+	 * @param	mixed	$by
 	 * @param	bool	$escape
 	 * @return	CI_DB_query_builder
 	 */
@@ -1405,9 +1411,9 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 		// for selecting COUNT(*) ...
 		$qb_orderby       = $this->qb_orderby;
 		$qb_cache_orderby = $this->qb_cache_orderby;
-		$this->qb_orderby = $this->qb_cache_orderby = NULL;
+		$this->qb_orderby = $this->qb_cache_orderby = array();
 
-		$result = ($this->qb_distinct === TRUE OR ! empty($this->qb_groupby) OR ! empty($this->qb_cache_groupby) OR $this->qb_limit OR $this->qb_offset)
+		$result = ($this->qb_distinct === TRUE OR ! empty($this->qb_groupby) OR ! empty($this->qb_cache_groupby) OR ! empty($this->qb_having) OR $this->qb_limit OR $this->qb_offset)
 			? $this->query($this->_count_string.$this->protect_identifiers('numrows')."\nFROM (\n".$this->_compile_select()."\n) CI_count_all_results")
 			: $this->query($this->_compile_select($this->_count_string.$this->protect_identifiers('numrows')));
 
@@ -1433,7 +1439,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Get_Where
+	 * get_where()
 	 *
 	 * Allows the where clause, limit and offset to be added directly
 	 *
@@ -2210,7 +2216,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 	protected function _delete($table)
 	{
 		return 'DELETE FROM '.$table.$this->_compile_wh('qb_where')
-			.($this->qb_limit ? ' LIMIT '.$this->qb_limit : '');
+			.($this->qb_limit !== FALSE ? ' LIMIT '.$this->qb_limit : '');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -2360,7 +2366,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 			.$this->_compile_order_by(); // ORDER BY
 
 		// LIMIT
-		if ($this->qb_limit OR $this->qb_offset)
+		if ($this->qb_limit !== FALSE OR $this->qb_offset)
 		{
 			return $this->_limit($sql."\n");
 		}
@@ -2395,7 +2401,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 				}
 				elseif ($this->{$qb_key}[$i]['escape'] === FALSE)
 				{
-					$this->{$qb_key}[$i] = $this->{$qb_key}[$i]['condition'];
+					$this->{$qb_key}[$i] = $this->{$qb_key}[$i]['condition'].(isset($this->{$qb_key}[$i]['value']) ? ' '.$this->{$qb_key}[$i]['value'] : '');
 					continue;
 				}
 
@@ -2434,7 +2440,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 						.' '.trim($matches[3]).$matches[4].$matches[5];
 				}
 
-				$this->{$qb_key}[$i] = implode('', $conditions);
+				$this->{$qb_key}[$i] = implode('', $conditions).(isset($this->{$qb_key}[$i]['value']) ? ' '.$this->{$qb_key}[$i]['value'] : '');
 			}
 
 			return ($qb_key === 'qb_having' ? "\nHAVING " : "\nWHERE ")
diff --git a/system/database/DB_result.php b/system/database/DB_result.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 98d8876..94da294
--- a/system/database/DB_result.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_result {
 
@@ -163,10 +164,8 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 		{
 			return $this->result_object();
 		}
-		else
-		{
-			return $this->custom_result_object($type);
-		}
+
+		return $this->custom_result_object($type);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -336,7 +335,8 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 
 		if ($type === 'object') return $this->row_object($n);
 		elseif ($type === 'array') return $this->row_array($n);
-		else return $this->custom_row_object($n, $type);
+
+		return $this->custom_row_object($n, $type);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 	 */
 	public function custom_row_object($n, $type)
 	{
-		isset($this->custom_result_object[$type]) OR $this->custom_result_object($type);
+		isset($this->custom_result_object[$type]) OR $this->custom_result_object[$type] = $this->custom_result_object($type);
 
 		if (count($this->custom_result_object[$type]) === 0)
 		{
diff --git a/system/database/DB_utility.php b/system/database/DB_utility.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 25d842c..11aa67b
--- a/system/database/DB_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 abstract class CI_DB_utility {
 
@@ -257,7 +258,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_utility {
 			$line = array();
 			foreach ($row as $item)
 			{
-				$line[] = $enclosure.str_replace($enclosure, $enclosure.$enclosure, $item).$enclosure;
+				$line[] = $enclosure.str_replace($enclosure, $enclosure.$enclosure, (string) $item).$enclosure;
 			}
 			$out .= implode($delim, $line).$newline;
 		}
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 6e8aff7..bd01be6
--- a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		Esen Sagynov
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 27bfc14..e8e201f
--- a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		Esen Sagynov
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_cubrid_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_result.php b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_result.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 251b70a..274b0c9
--- a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		Esen Sagynov
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_cubrid_result extends CI_DB_result {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_utility.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 555ae7a..ca81568
--- a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		Esen Sagynov
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_cubrid_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/index.html b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 3069d66..433139f
--- a/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_ibase_driver extends CI_DB {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 31352f1..2c385f1
--- a/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_ibase_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ class CI_DB_ibase_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 * @return	string|string[]
 	 */
 	protected function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $field)
- 	{
+	{
 		if (in_array($alter_type, array('DROP', 'ADD'), TRUE))
 		{
 			return parent::_alter_table($alter_type, $table, $field);
@@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ class CI_DB_ibase_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 		}
 
 		return $sqls;
- 	}
+	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_result.php b/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_result.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 7d7dd79..900212e
--- a/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_ibase_result extends CI_DB_result {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_utility.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 3c15210..bc87508
--- a/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/ibase/ibase_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_ibase_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/ibase/index.html b/system/database/drivers/ibase/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/index.html b/system/database/drivers/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mssql/index.html b/system/database/drivers/mssql/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index cb89f3b..5012640
--- a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 6b61098..f9dee91
--- a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_mssql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_result.php b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_result.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 38a0a05..fbe2eb1
--- a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_mssql_result extends CI_DB_result {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_utility.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 95ce88f..a739dc8
--- a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_mssql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysql/index.html b/system/database/drivers/mysql/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 71dad67..367f89a
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 
@@ -383,7 +384,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	protected function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
 	{
-		$sql = 'SHOW TABLES FROM '.$this->escape_identifiers($this->database);
+		$sql = 'SHOW TABLES FROM '.$this->_escape_char.$this->database.$this->_escape_char;
 
 		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE && $this->dbprefix !== '')
 		{
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 7ed8f8d..410ea2d
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_mysql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 
@@ -185,7 +186,6 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 			$extra_clause = ' FIRST';
 		}
 
-
 		return $this->db->escape_identifiers($field['name'])
 			.(empty($field['new_name']) ? '' : ' '.$this->db->escape_identifiers($field['new_name']))
 			.' '.$field['type'].$field['length']
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_result.php b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_result.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 7aa265e..05fc36e
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_mysql_result extends CI_DB_result {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_utility.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index bc01fc5..0564a5a
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_mysql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/index.html b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index b59e894..f5e9949
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 
@@ -116,6 +117,13 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function db_connect($persistent = FALSE)
 	{
+		// PHP 8.1 changes default error handling mode from silent to exceptions - reverse that
+		if (is_php('8.1'))
+		{
+			$mysqli_driver = new mysqli_driver();
+			$mysqli_driver->report_mode = MYSQLI_REPORT_OFF;
+		}
+
 		// Do we have a socket path?
 		if ($this->hostname[0] === '/')
 		{
@@ -167,26 +175,28 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 			empty($this->encrypt['ssl_capath']) OR $ssl['capath'] = $this->encrypt['ssl_capath'];
 			empty($this->encrypt['ssl_cipher']) OR $ssl['cipher'] = $this->encrypt['ssl_cipher'];
 
+			if (isset($this->encrypt['ssl_verify']))
+			{
+				$client_flags |= MYSQLI_CLIENT_SSL;
+
+				if ($this->encrypt['ssl_verify'])
+				{
+					defined('MYSQLI_OPT_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT') && $this->_mysqli->options(MYSQLI_OPT_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT, TRUE);
+				}
+				// Apparently (when it exists), setting MYSQLI_OPT_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT
+				// to FALSE didn't do anything, so PHP 5.6.16 introduced yet another
+				// constant ...
+				//
+				// https://secure.php.net/ChangeLog-5.php#5.6.16
+				// https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=68344
+				elseif (defined('MYSQLI_CLIENT_SSL_DONT_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT'))
+				{
+					$client_flags |= MYSQLI_CLIENT_SSL_DONT_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT;
+				}
+			}
+
 			if ( ! empty($ssl))
 			{
-				if (isset($this->encrypt['ssl_verify']))
-				{
-					if ($this->encrypt['ssl_verify'])
-					{
-						defined('MYSQLI_OPT_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT') && $this->_mysqli->options(MYSQLI_OPT_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT, TRUE);
-					}
-					// Apparently (when it exists), setting MYSQLI_OPT_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT
-					// to FALSE didn't do anything, so PHP 5.6.16 introduced yet another
-					// constant ...
-					//
-					// https://secure.php.net/ChangeLog-5.php#5.6.16
-					// https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=68344
-					elseif (defined('MYSQLI_CLIENT_SSL_DONT_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT'))
-					{
-						$client_flags |= MYSQLI_CLIENT_SSL_DONT_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT;
-					}
-				}
-
 				$client_flags |= MYSQLI_CLIENT_SSL;
 				$this->_mysqli->ssl_set(
 					isset($ssl['key'])    ? $ssl['key']    : NULL,
@@ -427,7 +437,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	protected function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
 	{
-		$sql = 'SHOW TABLES FROM '.$this->escape_identifiers($this->database);
+		$sql = 'SHOW TABLES FROM '.$this->_escape_char.$this->database.$this->_escape_char;
 
 		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE && $this->dbprefix !== '')
 		{
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index c5b23b6..992c772
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_mysqli_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_result.php b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_result.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 0b3d9c2..8c4f94d
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_mysqli_result extends CI_DB_result {
 
@@ -130,10 +131,10 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 * mysqli_result::fetch_fields()
 	 *
 	 * @used-by	CI_DB_mysqli_result::field_data()
-	 * @param	int	$flags
+	 * @param	int	$type
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	private static function _get_field_type($flags)
+	private static function _get_field_type($type)
 	{
 		static $map;
 		isset($map) OR $map = array(
@@ -164,15 +165,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_result extends CI_DB_result {
 			MYSQLI_TYPE_GEOMETRY    => 'geometry'
 		);
 
-		foreach ($map as $flag => $name)
-		{
-			if ($flags & $flag)
-			{
-				return $name;
-			}
-		}
-
-		return $flags;
+		return isset($map[$type]) ? $map[$type] : $type;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_utility.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 1699b61..6a7d419
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_mysqli_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 
@@ -155,11 +156,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 			while ($field = $query->result_id->fetch_field())
 			{
 				// Most versions of MySQL store timestamp as a string
-				$is_int[$i] = ($field->type & MYSQLI_TYPE_TINY)
-						OR ($field->type & MYSQLI_TYPE_SHORT)
-						OR ($field->type & MYSQLI_TYPE_INT24)
-						OR ($field->type & MYSQLI_TYPE_LONG)
-						OR ($field->type & MYSQLI_TYPE_LONGLONG);
+				$is_int[$i] = in_array($field->type, array(MYSQLI_TYPE_TINY, MYSQLI_TYPE_SHORT, MYSQLI_TYPE_INT24, MYSQLI_TYPE_LONG), TRUE);
 
 				// Create a string of field names
 				$field_str .= $this->db->escape_identifiers($field->name).', ';
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/index.html b/system/database/drivers/oci8/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index fb2f6b3..7bb43b5
--- a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.4.1
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage  Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 
 /**
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * @var	bool
 	 */
-	public $limit_used;
+	public $limit_used = FALSE;
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -682,7 +683,30 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	protected function _close()
 	{
+		if (is_resource($this->curs_id))
+		{
+			oci_free_statement($this->curs_id);
+		}
+
+		if (is_resource($this->stmt_id))
+		{
+			oci_free_statement($this->stmt_id);
+		}
+
 		oci_close($this->conn_id);
 	}
 
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * We need to reset our $limit_used hack flag, so it doesn't propagate
+	 * to subsequent queries.
+	 *
+	 * @return	void
+	 */
+	protected function _reset_select()
+	{
+		$this->limit_used = FALSE;
+		parent::_reset_select();
+	}
 }
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 724a76d..9910b11
--- a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.4.1
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_oci8_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 
@@ -81,6 +82,13 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 */
 	protected $_unsigned		= FALSE;
 
+	/**
+	 * NULL value representation in CREATE/ALTER TABLE statements
+	 *
+	 * @var	string
+	 */
+	protected $_null		= 'NULL';
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -152,7 +160,29 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 */
 	protected function _attr_auto_increment(&$attributes, &$field)
 	{
-		// Not supported - sequences and triggers must be used instead
+		if ( ! empty($attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT']) && $attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT'] === TRUE && stripos($field['type'], 'number') !== FALSE && version_compare($this->db->version(), '12.1', '>='))
+		{
+			$field['auto_increment'] = ' GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY';
+		}
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Process column
+	 *
+	 * @param	array	$field
+	 * @return	string
+	 */
+	protected function _process_column($field)
+	{
+		return $this->db->escape_identifiers($field['name'])
+			.' '.$field['type'].$field['length']
+			.$field['unsigned']
+			.$field['default']
+			.$field['auto_increment']
+			.$field['null']
+			.$field['unique'];
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 0c35433..4312f9b
--- a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.4.1
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_oci8_result extends CI_DB_result {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_utility.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index ce0dfc5..bcce114
--- a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.4.1
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_oci8_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/odbc/index.html b/system/database/drivers/odbc/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index ef982fc..cfb9d57
--- a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB_driver {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 77b2fdf..115d08a
--- a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
  * @filesource
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_result.php b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_result.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 845aa9c..e5847f1
--- a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_odbc_result extends CI_DB_result {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_utility.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 643f6ec..a69ed00
--- a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
  * @filesource
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/index.html b/system/database/drivers/pdo/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 6afc999..559e865
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 
@@ -131,6 +132,14 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 			$this->options[PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT] = TRUE;
 		}
 
+		// From PHP8.0, default PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE is changed
+		// from PDO::ERRMODE_SILENT to PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION
+		// as https://wiki.php.net/rfc/pdo_default_errmode
+		if ( ! isset($this->options[PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE]))
+		{
+			$this->options[PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE] = PDO::ERRMODE_SILENT;
+		}
+
 		try
 		{
 			return new PDO($this->dsn, $this->username, $this->password, $this->options);
@@ -302,7 +311,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 		$error['code'] = isset($pdo_error[1]) ? $pdo_error[0].'/'.$pdo_error[1] : $pdo_error[0];
 		if (isset($pdo_error[2]))
 		{
-			 $error['message'] = $pdo_error[2];
+			$error['message'] = $pdo_error[2];
 		}
 
 		return $error;
@@ -326,4 +335,17 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 		return 'TRUNCATE TABLE '.$table;
 	}
 
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Close DB Connection
+	 *
+	 * @return	void
+	 */
+	protected function _close()
+	{
+		$this->result_id = FALSE;
+		$this->conn_id = FALSE;
+	}
+
 }
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 685b677..b35ff67
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.1.0
  * @filesource
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index bbc2cdc..bf9e123
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_result extends CI_DB_result {
 
@@ -133,7 +134,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_result extends CI_DB_result {
 
 				$retval[$i]			= new stdClass();
 				$retval[$i]->name		= $field['name'];
-				$retval[$i]->type		= $field['native_type'];
+				$retval[$i]->type		= isset($field['native_type']) ? $field['native_type'] : null;
 				$retval[$i]->max_length		= ($field['len'] > 0) ? $field['len'] : NULL;
 				$retval[$i]->primary_key	= (int) ( ! empty($field['flags']) && in_array('primary_key', $field['flags'], TRUE));
 			}
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_utility.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 5029cac..2094ef4
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.1.0
  * @filesource
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/index.html b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_4d_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_4d_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 7eaeaa1..8d5b2f6
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_4d_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_4d_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_4d_driver extends CI_DB_pdo_driver {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_4d_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_4d_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 3f636d3..28fc008
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_4d_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_4d_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_4d_forge extends CI_DB_pdo_forge {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_cubrid_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_cubrid_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index fc49e0d..c8f9258
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_cubrid_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_cubrid_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB_pdo_driver {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_cubrid_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_cubrid_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 276cbb6..de02983
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_cubrid_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_cubrid_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_cubrid_forge extends CI_DB_pdo_forge {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_dblib_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_dblib_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index b9b86f7..7d8d4a2
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_dblib_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_dblib_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_dblib_driver extends CI_DB_pdo_driver {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_dblib_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_dblib_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index d0cca38..3ee352f
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_dblib_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_dblib_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_dblib_forge extends CI_DB_pdo_forge {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_firebird_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_firebird_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index cb93f19..9778250
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_firebird_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_firebird_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_firebird_driver extends CI_DB_pdo_driver {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_firebird_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_firebird_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 20c5a68..26e052a
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_firebird_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_firebird_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_firebird_forge extends CI_DB_pdo_forge {
 
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_firebird_forge extends CI_DB_pdo_forge {
 	 * @return	string|string[]
 	 */
 	protected function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $field)
- 	{
+	{
 		if (in_array($alter_type, array('DROP', 'ADD'), TRUE))
 		{
 			return parent::_alter_table($alter_type, $table, $field);
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_firebird_forge extends CI_DB_pdo_forge {
 			if ( ! empty($field[$i]['default']))
 			{
 				$sqls[] = $sql.' ALTER COLUMN '.$this->db->escape_identifiers($field[$i]['name'])
-					.' SET DEFAULT '.$field[$i]['default'];
+					.' SET '.$field[$i]['default'];
 			}
 
 			if (isset($field[$i]['null']))
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_firebird_forge extends CI_DB_pdo_forge {
 		}
 
 		return $sqls;
- 	}
+	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_ibm_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_ibm_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 26b556a..aca58ec
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_ibm_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_ibm_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_ibm_driver extends CI_DB_pdo_driver {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_ibm_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_ibm_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 4238ca0..cf023d4
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_ibm_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_ibm_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_ibm_forge extends CI_DB_pdo_forge {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_informix_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_informix_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 050171f..4d230c3
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_informix_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_informix_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_informix_driver extends CI_DB_pdo_driver {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_informix_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_informix_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 2ddc2a9..368d8dc
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_informix_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_informix_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_informix_forge extends CI_DB_pdo_forge {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_mysql_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_mysql_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 64b13d8..1ad854d
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_mysql_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_mysql_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_mysql_driver extends CI_DB_pdo_driver {
 
@@ -167,6 +168,11 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_mysql_driver extends CI_DB_pdo_driver {
 			empty($this->encrypt['ssl_capath']) OR $ssl[PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CAPATH] = $this->encrypt['ssl_capath'];
 			empty($this->encrypt['ssl_cipher']) OR $ssl[PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CIPHER] = $this->encrypt['ssl_cipher'];
 
+			if (defined('PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT') && isset($this->encrypt['ssl_verify']))
+			{
+				$ssl[PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT] = $this->encrypt['ssl_verify'];
+			}
+
 			// DO NOT use array_merge() here!
 			// It re-indexes numeric keys and the PDO_MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_* constants are integers.
 			empty($ssl) OR $this->options += $ssl;
@@ -274,7 +280,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_mysql_driver extends CI_DB_pdo_driver {
 	 */
 	protected function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
 	{
-		$sql = 'SHOW TABLES';
+		$sql = 'SHOW TABLES FROM '.$this->_escape_char.$this->database.$this->_escape_char;
 
 		if ($prefix_limit === TRUE && $this->dbprefix !== '')
 		{
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_mysql_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_mysql_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index c7a92b8..8bf5cfb
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_mysql_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_mysql_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_mysql_forge extends CI_DB_pdo_forge {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_oci_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_oci_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index abf9167..3573691
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_oci_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_oci_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_oci_driver extends CI_DB_pdo_driver {
 
@@ -142,9 +143,9 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_oci_driver extends CI_DB_pdo_driver {
 		}
 
 		$version_string = parent::version();
-		if (preg_match('#Release\s(?<version>\d+(?:\.\d+)+)#', $version_string, $match))
+		if (preg_match('#(Release\s)?(?<version>\d+(?:\.\d+)+)#', $version_string, $match))
 		{
-			return $this->data_cache['version'] = $match[1];
+			return $this->data_cache['version'] = $match['version'];
 		}
 
 		return FALSE;
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_oci_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_oci_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 813207b..0783cd5
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_oci_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_oci_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_oci_forge extends CI_DB_pdo_forge {
 
@@ -74,6 +75,13 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_oci_forge extends CI_DB_pdo_forge {
 	 */
 	protected $_unsigned		= FALSE;
 
+	/**
+	 * NULL value representation in CREATE/ALTER TABLE statements
+	 *
+	 * @var	string
+	 */
+	protected $_null		= 'NULL';
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -143,9 +151,33 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_oci_forge extends CI_DB_pdo_forge {
 	 */
 	protected function _attr_auto_increment(&$attributes, &$field)
 	{
-		// Not supported - sequences and triggers must be used instead
+		if ( ! empty($attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT']) && $attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT'] === TRUE && stripos($field['type'], 'number') !== FALSE && version_compare($this->db->version(), '12.1', '>='))
+		{
+			$field['auto_increment'] = ' GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY';
+		}
 	}
 
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Process column
+	 *
+	 * @param	array	$field
+	 * @return	string
+	 */
+	protected function _process_column($field)
+	{
+		return $this->db->escape_identifiers($field['name'])
+			.' '.$field['type'].$field['length']
+			.$field['unsigned']
+			.$field['default']
+			.$field['auto_increment']
+			.$field['null']
+			.$field['unique'];
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 	/**
 	 * Field attribute TYPE
 	 *
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_odbc_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_odbc_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 066dd96..6b7f237
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_odbc_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_odbc_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_odbc_driver extends CI_DB_pdo_driver {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_odbc_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_odbc_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index a2a3bad..c9b8238
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_odbc_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_odbc_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_pgsql_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_pgsql_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 9aed3a2..297cc6f
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_pgsql_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_pgsql_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_pgsql_driver extends CI_DB_pdo_driver {
 
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_pgsql_driver extends CI_DB_pdo_driver {
 
 			if ( ! empty($this->username))
 			{
-				$this->dsn .= ';username='.$this->username;
+				$this->dsn .= ';user='.$this->username;
 				empty($this->password) OR $this->dsn .= ';password='.$this->password;
 			}
 		}
@@ -255,7 +256,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_pgsql_driver extends CI_DB_pdo_driver {
 	{
 		return 'SELECT "column_name"
 			FROM "information_schema"."columns"
-			WHERE LOWER("table_name") = '.$this->escape(strtolower($table));
+			WHERE "table_schema" = \''.$this->schema.'\' AND LOWER("table_name") = '.$this->escape(strtolower($table));
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -270,7 +271,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_pgsql_driver extends CI_DB_pdo_driver {
 	{
 		$sql = 'SELECT "column_name", "data_type", "character_maximum_length", "numeric_precision", "column_default"
 			FROM "information_schema"."columns"
-			WHERE LOWER("table_name") = '.$this->escape(strtolower($table));
+			WHERE "table_schema" = \''.$this->schema.'\' AND LOWER("table_name") = '.$this->escape(strtolower($table));
 
 		if (($query = $this->query($sql)) === FALSE)
 		{
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_pgsql_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_pgsql_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index b00af4a..cea2054
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_pgsql_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_pgsql_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_pgsql_forge extends CI_DB_pdo_forge {
 
@@ -53,6 +54,13 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_pgsql_forge extends CI_DB_pdo_forge {
 	 */
 	protected $_drop_table_if	= 'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS';
 
+	/**
+	 * CREATE TABLE IF statement
+	 *
+	 * @var	string
+	 */
+	protected $_create_table_if	= 'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS';
+
 	/**
 	 * UNSIGNED support
 	 *
@@ -106,7 +114,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_pgsql_forge extends CI_DB_pdo_forge {
 	 * @return	string|string[]
 	 */
 	protected function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $field)
- 	{
+	{
 		if (in_array($alter_type, array('DROP', 'ADD'), TRUE))
 		{
 			return parent::_alter_table($alter_type, $table, $field);
@@ -130,13 +138,13 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_pgsql_forge extends CI_DB_pdo_forge {
 			if ( ! empty($field[$i]['default']))
 			{
 				$sqls[] = $sql.' ALTER COLUMN '.$this->db->escape_identifiers($field[$i]['name'])
-					.' SET DEFAULT '.$field[$i]['default'];
+					.' SET '.$field[$i]['default'];
 			}
 
 			if (isset($field[$i]['null']))
 			{
 				$sqls[] = $sql.' ALTER COLUMN '.$this->db->escape_identifiers($field[$i]['name'])
-					.($field[$i]['null'] === TRUE ? ' DROP NOT NULL' : ' SET NOT NULL');
+					.(trim($field[$i]['null']) === $this->_null ? ' DROP NOT NULL' : ' SET NOT NULL');
 			}
 
 			if ( ! empty($field[$i]['new_name']))
@@ -154,7 +162,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_pgsql_forge extends CI_DB_pdo_forge {
 		}
 
 		return $sqls;
- 	}
+	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlite_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlite_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 9b70f3e..24c34f2
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlite_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlite_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_sqlite_driver extends CI_DB_pdo_driver {
 
@@ -128,24 +129,18 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_sqlite_driver extends CI_DB_pdo_driver {
 	 */
 	public function list_fields($table)
 	{
-		// Is there a cached result?
-		if (isset($this->data_cache['field_names'][$table]))
-		{
-			return $this->data_cache['field_names'][$table];
-		}
-
 		if (($result = $this->query('PRAGMA TABLE_INFO('.$this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE).')')) === FALSE)
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		$this->data_cache['field_names'][$table] = array();
+		$fields = array();
 		foreach ($result->result_array() as $row)
 		{
-			$this->data_cache['field_names'][$table][] = $row['name'];
+			$fields[] = $row['name'];
 		}
 
-		return $this->data_cache['field_names'][$table];
+		return $fields;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlite_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlite_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 18c475b..b0edcbd
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlite_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlite_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_sqlite_forge extends CI_DB_pdo_forge {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlsrv_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlsrv_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index a9fb4d1..685b61e
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlsrv_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlsrv_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB_pdo_driver {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlsrv_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlsrv_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 82a0d51..07eecea
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlsrv_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/subdrivers/pdo_sqlsrv_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_sqlsrv_forge extends CI_DB_pdo_forge {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/index.html b/system/database/drivers/postgre/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index bcdfc06..15d800b
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 
@@ -78,22 +79,12 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Class constructor
+	 * Build DSN
 	 *
-	 * Creates a DSN string to be used for db_connect() and db_pconnect()
-	 *
-	 * @param	array	$params
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	public function __construct($params)
+	protected function _build_dsn()
 	{
-		parent::__construct($params);
-
-		if ( ! empty($this->dsn))
-		{
-			return;
-		}
-
 		$this->dsn === '' OR $this->dsn = '';
 
 		if (strpos($this->hostname, '/') !== FALSE)
@@ -145,10 +136,11 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * Database connection
 	 *
 	 * @param	bool	$persistent
-	 * @return	resource
+	 * @return	resource|object
 	 */
 	public function db_connect($persistent = FALSE)
 	{
+		empty($this->dsn) && $this->_build_dsn();
 		$this->conn_id = ($persistent === TRUE)
 			? pg_pconnect($this->dsn)
 			: pg_connect($this->dsn);
@@ -224,8 +216,8 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 		 * and so we'll have to fall back to running a query in
 		 * order to get it.
 		 */
-		return isset($pg_version['server'])
-			? $this->data_cache['version'] = $pg_version['server']
+		return (isset($pg_version['server']) && preg_match('#^(\d+\.\d+)#', $pg_version['server'], $match))
+			? $this->data_cache['version'] = $match[1]
 			: parent::version();
 	}
 
@@ -235,7 +227,7 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * Execute the query
 	 *
 	 * @param	string	$sql	an SQL query
-	 * @return	resource
+	 * @return	resource|object
 	 */
 	protected function _execute($sql)
 	{
@@ -354,8 +346,7 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function insert_id()
 	{
-		$v = pg_version($this->conn_id);
-		$v = isset($v['server']) ? $v['server'] : 0; // 'server' key is only available since PosgreSQL 7.4
+		$v = $this->version();
 
 		$table	= (func_num_args() > 0) ? func_get_arg(0) : NULL;
 		$column	= (func_num_args() > 1) ? func_get_arg(1) : NULL;
@@ -429,7 +420,7 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	{
 		return 'SELECT "column_name"
 			FROM "information_schema"."columns"
-			WHERE LOWER("table_name") = '.$this->escape(strtolower($table));
+			WHERE "table_schema" = \''.$this->schema.'\' AND LOWER("table_name") = '.$this->escape(strtolower($table));
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -444,7 +435,7 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	{
 		$sql = 'SELECT "column_name", "data_type", "character_maximum_length", "numeric_precision", "column_default"
 			FROM "information_schema"."columns"
-			WHERE LOWER("table_name") = '.$this->escape(strtolower($table));
+			WHERE "table_schema" = \''.$this->schema.'\' AND LOWER("table_name") = '.$this->escape(strtolower($table));
 
 		if (($query = $this->query($sql)) === FALSE)
 		{
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index cdbff4c..2857fd5
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 * @return	string|string[]
 	 */
 	protected function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $field)
- 	{
+	{
 		if (in_array($alter_type, array('DROP', 'ADD'), TRUE))
 		{
 			return parent::_alter_table($alter_type, $table, $field);
@@ -125,13 +126,13 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 			if ( ! empty($field[$i]['default']))
 			{
 				$sqls[] = $sql.' ALTER COLUMN '.$this->db->escape_identifiers($field[$i]['name'])
-					.' SET DEFAULT '.$field[$i]['default'];
+					.' SET '.$field[$i]['default'];
 			}
 
 			if (isset($field[$i]['null']))
 			{
 				$sqls[] = $sql.' ALTER COLUMN '.$this->db->escape_identifiers($field[$i]['name'])
-					.($field[$i]['null'] === TRUE ? ' DROP NOT NULL' : ' SET NOT NULL');
+					.(trim($field[$i]['null']) === $this->_null ? ' DROP NOT NULL' : ' SET NOT NULL');
 			}
 
 			if ( ! empty($field[$i]['new_name']))
@@ -149,7 +150,7 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 		}
 
 		return $sqls;
- 	}
+	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_result.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_result.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 57864a7..5e4145e
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_postgre_result extends CI_DB_result {
 
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 */
 	public function free_result()
 	{
-		if (is_resource($this->result_id))
+		if ($this->result_id !== FALSE)
 		{
 			pg_free_result($this->result_id);
 			$this->result_id = FALSE;
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 5ca358d..c8356d5
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_postgre_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/index.html b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 03c96e4..188f00c
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_sqlite_driver extends CI_DB {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index a0fc0cd..60aaa09
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_sqlite_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_result.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_result.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 34d3ac3..1df9025
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_sqlite_result extends CI_DB_result {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_utility.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 90ca4b1..5f9adf2
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_sqlite_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/index.html b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index d131baa..be79ddd
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		Andrey Andreev
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_sqlite3_driver extends CI_DB {
 
@@ -230,24 +231,18 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite3_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function list_fields($table)
 	{
-		// Is there a cached result?
-		if (isset($this->data_cache['field_names'][$table]))
-		{
-			return $this->data_cache['field_names'][$table];
-		}
-
 		if (($result = $this->query('PRAGMA TABLE_INFO('.$this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE).')')) === FALSE)
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		$this->data_cache['field_names'][$table] = array();
+		$fields = array();
 		foreach ($result->result_array() as $row)
 		{
-			$this->data_cache['field_names'][$table][] = $row['name'];
+			$fields[] = $row['name'];
 		}
 
-		return $this->data_cache['field_names'][$table];
+		return $fields;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 5ee6daa..5658b3e
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author	Andrey Andreev
- * @link	https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link	https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_sqlite3_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_result.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_result.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 03751f0..47fe9d2
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		Andrey Andreev
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_sqlite3_result extends CI_DB_result {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_utility.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 20d562f..90316bc
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author	Andrey Andreev
- * @link	https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link	https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_sqlite3_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/index.html b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 4edcc7f..7877794
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.0.3
  * @filesource
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_forge.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index aa8490e..dca7f75
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_forge.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.0.3
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_sqlsrv_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_result.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_result.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index f784ebe..a3a582b
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_result.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.0.3
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_sqlsrv_result extends CI_DB_result {
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_utility.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 19c93d0..e51bc72
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_utility.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.0.3
  * @filesource
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  *
  * @category	Database
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_sqlsrv_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 
diff --git a/system/database/index.html b/system/database/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/fonts/index.html b/system/fonts/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/fonts/texb.ttf b/system/fonts/texb.ttf
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/helpers/array_helper.php b/system/helpers/array_helper.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 74c7c15..0617fde
--- a/system/helpers/array_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/array_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/array_helper.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/helpers/array_helper.html
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/helpers/captcha_helper.php b/system/helpers/captcha_helper.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 8f44806..9fcbd1b
--- a/system/helpers/captcha_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/captcha_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/captcha_helper.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/helpers/captcha_helper.html
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -54,10 +55,10 @@ if ( ! function_exists('create_captcha'))
 	/**
 	 * Create CAPTCHA
 	 *
-	 * @param	array	$data		data for the CAPTCHA
-	 * @param	string	$img_path	path to create the image in
-	 * @param	string	$img_url	URL to the CAPTCHA image folder
-	 * @param	string	$font_path	server path to font
+	 * @param	array	$data		Data for the CAPTCHA
+	 * @param	string	$img_path	Path to create the image in (deprecated)
+	 * @param	string	$img_url	URL to the CAPTCHA image folder (deprecated)
+	 * @param	string	$font_path	Server path to font (deprecated)
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	function create_captcha($data = '', $img_path = '', $img_url = '', $font_path = '')
@@ -94,10 +95,21 @@ if ( ! function_exists('create_captcha'))
 			}
 		}
 
-		if ($img_path === '' OR $img_url === ''
-			OR ! is_dir($img_path) OR ! is_really_writable($img_path)
-			OR ! extension_loaded('gd'))
+		if ( ! extension_loaded('gd'))
 		{
+			log_message('error', 'create_captcha(): GD extension is not loaded.');
+			return FALSE;
+		}
+
+		if ($img_path === '' OR $img_url === '')
+		{
+			log_message('error', 'create_captcha(): $img_path and $img_url are required.');
+			return FALSE;
+		}
+
+		if ( ! is_dir($img_path) OR ! is_really_writable($img_path))
+		{
+			log_message('error', "create_captcha(): '{$img_path}' is not a dir, nor is it writable.");
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
@@ -333,7 +345,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('create_captcha'))
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		$img = '<img '.($img_id === '' ? '' : 'id="'.$img_id.'"').' src="'.$img_url.$img_filename.'" style="width: '.$img_width.'; height: '.$img_height .'; border: 0;" alt=" " />';
+		$img = '<img '.($img_id === '' ? '' : 'id="'.$img_id.'"').' src="'.$img_url.$img_filename.'" style="width: '.$img_width.'px; height: '.$img_height .'px; border: 0;" alt=" " />';
 		ImageDestroy($im);
 
 		return array('word' => $word, 'time' => $now, 'image' => $img, 'filename' => $img_filename);
diff --git a/system/helpers/cookie_helper.php b/system/helpers/cookie_helper.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index b943edb..abe492f
--- a/system/helpers/cookie_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/cookie_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/cookie_helper.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/helpers/cookie_helper.html
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/helpers/date_helper.php b/system/helpers/date_helper.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index bb15042..5b2f3e0
--- a/system/helpers/date_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/date_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/date_helper.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/helpers/date_helper.html
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('standard_date'))
 	 *
 	 * @todo	Remove in version 3.1+.
 	 * @deprecated	3.0.0	Use PHP's native date() instead.
-	 * @link	http://www.php.net/manual/en/class.datetime.php#datetime.constants.types
+	 * @link	https://www.php.net/manual/en/class.datetime.php#datetime.constants.types
 	 *
 	 * @example	date(DATE_RFC822, now()); // default
 	 * @example	date(DATE_W3C, $time); // a different format and time
diff --git a/system/helpers/directory_helper.php b/system/helpers/directory_helper.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 2785241..d747a96
--- a/system/helpers/directory_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/directory_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/directory_helper.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/helpers/directory_helper.html
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/helpers/download_helper.php b/system/helpers/download_helper.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index b2a1458..9b361c4
--- a/system/helpers/download_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/download_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/download_helper.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/helpers/download_helper.html
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/helpers/email_helper.php b/system/helpers/email_helper.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index b3755d4..ec0c420
--- a/system/helpers/email_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/email_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/email_helper.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/helpers/email_helper.html
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/helpers/file_helper.php b/system/helpers/file_helper.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index d227f46..a2adaf2
--- a/system/helpers/file_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/file_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/file_helper.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/helpers/file_helper.html
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/helpers/form_helper.php b/system/helpers/form_helper.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 13f1963..ba74ff5
--- a/system/helpers/form_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/form_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/form_helper.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/helpers/form_helper.html
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/helpers/html_helper.php b/system/helpers/html_helper.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 87a5f9b..93ecb1d
--- a/system/helpers/html_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/html_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/html_helper.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/helpers/html_helper.html
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -133,7 +134,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_list'))
 			// Write the opening list tag
 			.'<'.$type._stringify_attributes($attributes).">\n";
 
-
 		// Cycle through the list elements.  If an array is
 		// encountered we will recursively call _list()
 
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('img'))
 				}
 				else
 				{
-					$img .= ' src="'.get_instance()->config->slash_item('base_url').$v.'"';
+					$img .= ' src="'.get_instance()->config->base_url($v).'"';
 				}
 			}
 			else
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('link_tag'))
 					}
 					else
 					{
-						$link .= 'href="'.$CI->config->slash_item('base_url').$v.'" ';
+						$link .= 'href="'.$CI->config->base_url($v).'" ';
 					}
 				}
 				else
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('link_tag'))
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				$link .= 'href="'.$CI->config->slash_item('base_url').$href.'" ';
+				$link .= 'href="'.$CI->config->base_url($href).'" ';
 			}
 
 			$link .= 'rel="'.$rel.'" type="'.$type.'" ';
diff --git a/system/helpers/index.html b/system/helpers/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/helpers/inflector_helper.php b/system/helpers/inflector_helper.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 4a6805f..91a5d84
--- a/system/helpers/inflector_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/inflector_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/inflector_helper.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/helpers/inflector_helper.html
  */
 
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('singular'))
 	{
 		$result = strval($str);
 
-		if ( ! is_countable($result))
+		if ( ! word_is_countable($result))
 		{
 			return $result;
 		}
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('plural'))
 	{
 		$result = strval($str);
 
-		if ( ! is_countable($result))
+		if ( ! word_is_countable($result))
 		{
 			return $result;
 		}
@@ -226,7 +227,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('humanize'))
 
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-if ( ! function_exists('is_countable'))
+if ( ! function_exists('word_is_countable'))
 {
 	/**
 	 * Checks if the given word has a plural version.
@@ -234,7 +235,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('is_countable'))
 	 * @param	string	$word	Word to check
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function is_countable($word)
+	function word_is_countable($word)
 	{
 		return ! in_array(
 			strtolower($word),
@@ -274,3 +275,14 @@ if ( ! function_exists('is_countable'))
 		);
 	}
 }
+
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+if ( ! function_exists('is_countable'))
+{
+	function is_countable($word)
+	{
+		trigger_error('is_countable() is a native PHP function since version 7.3.0; use word_is_countable() instead', E_USER_WARNING);
+		return word_is_countable($word);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/system/helpers/language_helper.php b/system/helpers/language_helper.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index d26cf5b..d6cc1c1
--- a/system/helpers/language_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/language_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/language_helper.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/helpers/language_helper.html
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/helpers/number_helper.php b/system/helpers/number_helper.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index cc8a776..27ad80f
--- a/system/helpers/number_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/number_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/number_helper.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/helpers/number_helper.html
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/helpers/path_helper.php b/system/helpers/path_helper.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 6896cb9..a8f7823
--- a/system/helpers/path_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/path_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/path_helper.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/helpers/path_helper.html
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/helpers/security_helper.php b/system/helpers/security_helper.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 5e2970a..dc2b1a4
--- a/system/helpers/security_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/security_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/security_helper.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/helpers/security_helper.html
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/helpers/smiley_helper.php b/system/helpers/smiley_helper.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 2c9a3b4..091e6de
--- a/system/helpers/smiley_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/smiley_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/smiley_helper.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/helpers/smiley_helper.html
  * @deprecated	3.0.0	This helper is too specific for CI.
  */
 
diff --git a/system/helpers/string_helper.php b/system/helpers/string_helper.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 93446b8..7370f39
--- a/system/helpers/string_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/string_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/string_helper.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/helpers/string_helper.html
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/helpers/text_helper.php b/system/helpers/text_helper.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 217729b..506d45a
--- a/system/helpers/text_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/text_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/text_helper.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/helpers/text_helper.html
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/helpers/typography_helper.php b/system/helpers/typography_helper.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 183e117..d51de08
--- a/system/helpers/typography_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/typography_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/typography_helper.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/helpers/typography_helper.html
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/helpers/url_helper.php b/system/helpers/url_helper.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 84023af..d1d7ec1
--- a/system/helpers/url_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/url_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/url_helper.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/helpers/url_helper.html
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -393,10 +394,10 @@ if ( ! function_exists('auto_link'))
 	function auto_link($str, $type = 'both', $popup = FALSE)
 	{
 		// Find and replace any URLs.
-		if ($type !== 'email' && preg_match_all('#(\w*://|www\.)[^\s()<>;]+\w#i', $str, $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE | PREG_SET_ORDER))
+		if ($type !== 'email' && preg_match_all('#(\w*://|www\.)[a-z0-9]+(-+[a-z0-9]+)*(\.[a-z0-9]+(-+[a-z0-9]+)*)+(/([^\s()<>;]+\w)?/?)?#i', $str, $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE | PREG_SET_ORDER))
 		{
 			// Set our target HTML if using popup links.
-			$target = ($popup) ? ' target="_blank"' : '';
+			$target = ($popup) ? ' target="_blank" rel="noopener"' : '';
 
 			// We process the links in reverse order (last -> first) so that
 			// the returned string offsets from preg_match_all() are not
diff --git a/system/helpers/xml_helper.php b/system/helpers/xml_helper.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index a12ee25..5e0861e
--- a/system/helpers/xml_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/xml_helper.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/xml_helper.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/helpers/xml_helper.html
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/index.html b/system/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/language/english/calendar_lang.php b/system/language/english/calendar_lang.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 77911e9..35352d6
--- a/system/language/english/calendar_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/calendar_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
diff --git a/system/language/english/date_lang.php b/system/language/english/date_lang.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index bb454ed..fd184df
--- a/system/language/english/date_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/date_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
diff --git a/system/language/english/db_lang.php b/system/language/english/db_lang.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index b44bda9..1bf424e
--- a/system/language/english/db_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/db_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
diff --git a/system/language/english/email_lang.php b/system/language/english/email_lang.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 22dc0fa..7ed083c
--- a/system/language/english/email_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/email_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
diff --git a/system/language/english/form_validation_lang.php b/system/language/english/form_validation_lang.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index aa9ff33..a2e300e
--- a/system/language/english/form_validation_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/form_validation_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ $lang['form_validation_valid_email']		= 'The {field} field must contain a valid
 $lang['form_validation_valid_emails']		= 'The {field} field must contain all valid email addresses.';
 $lang['form_validation_valid_url']		= 'The {field} field must contain a valid URL.';
 $lang['form_validation_valid_ip']		= 'The {field} field must contain a valid IP.';
+$lang['form_validation_valid_base64']		= 'The {field} field must contain a valid Base64 string.';
 $lang['form_validation_min_length']		= 'The {field} field must be at least {param} characters in length.';
 $lang['form_validation_max_length']		= 'The {field} field cannot exceed {param} characters in length.';
 $lang['form_validation_exact_length']		= 'The {field} field must be exactly {param} characters in length.';
diff --git a/system/language/english/ftp_lang.php b/system/language/english/ftp_lang.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index eada3e5..7067b4b
--- a/system/language/english/ftp_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/ftp_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
diff --git a/system/language/english/imglib_lang.php b/system/language/english/imglib_lang.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 218874c..01ac9d3
--- a/system/language/english/imglib_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/imglib_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
diff --git a/system/language/english/index.html b/system/language/english/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/language/english/migration_lang.php b/system/language/english/migration_lang.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 1684960..a370362
--- a/system/language/english/migration_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/migration_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
diff --git a/system/language/english/number_lang.php b/system/language/english/number_lang.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 9723ce5..38e3781
--- a/system/language/english/number_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/number_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
diff --git a/system/language/english/pagination_lang.php b/system/language/english/pagination_lang.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index d24dd04..808a61e
--- a/system/language/english/pagination_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/pagination_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
diff --git a/system/language/english/profiler_lang.php b/system/language/english/profiler_lang.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 20949a2..71a2afc
--- a/system/language/english/profiler_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/profiler_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
diff --git a/system/language/english/unit_test_lang.php b/system/language/english/unit_test_lang.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index a89cb2d..02366f0
--- a/system/language/english/unit_test_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/unit_test_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
diff --git a/system/language/english/upload_lang.php b/system/language/english/upload_lang.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index ec611f9..bd1e201
--- a/system/language/english/upload_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/upload_lang.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
diff --git a/system/language/index.html b/system/language/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php b/system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 267dffb..d0c4c88
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.0.0
  * @filesource
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_apc.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_apc.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index c873eb6..2299204
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_apc.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_apc.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -160,10 +161,10 @@ class CI_Cache_apc extends CI_Driver {
 	 * @param	string	user/filehits
 	 * @return	mixed	array on success, false on failure
 	 */
-	 public function cache_info($type = NULL)
-	 {
-		 return apc_cache_info($type);
-	 }
+	public function cache_info($type = NULL)
+	{
+		return apc_cache_info($type);
+	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_dummy.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_dummy.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index c6d9a61..f3ca220
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_dummy.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_dummy.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.0
  * @filesource
@@ -138,10 +139,10 @@ class CI_Cache_dummy extends CI_Driver {
 	 * @param	string	user/filehits
 	 * @return	bool	FALSE
 	 */
-	 public function cache_info($type = NULL)
-	 {
-		 return FALSE;
-	 }
+	public function cache_info($type = NULL)
+	{
+		return FALSE;
+	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 8a36e9d..3a4be98
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.0
  * @filesource
@@ -276,7 +277,7 @@ class CI_Cache_file extends CI_Driver {
 
 		if ($data['ttl'] > 0 && time() > $data['time'] + $data['ttl'])
 		{
-			unlink($this->_cache_path.$id);
+			file_exists($this->_cache_path.$id) && unlink($this->_cache_path.$id);
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_memcached.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_memcached.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index b642a2c..89002de
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_memcached.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_memcached.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.0
  * @filesource
@@ -198,7 +199,12 @@ class CI_Cache_memcached extends CI_Driver {
 	 */
 	public function increment($id, $offset = 1)
 	{
-		return $this->_memcached->increment($id, $offset);
+		if (($result = $this->_memcached->increment($id, $offset)) === FALSE)
+		{
+			return $this->_memcached->add($id, $offset) ? $offset : FALSE;
+		}
+
+		return $result;
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -212,7 +218,12 @@ class CI_Cache_memcached extends CI_Driver {
 	 */
 	public function decrement($id, $offset = 1)
 	{
-		return $this->_memcached->decrement($id, $offset);
+		if (($result = $this->_memcached->decrement($id, $offset)) === FALSE)
+		{
+			return $this->_memcached->add($id, 0) ? 0 : FALSE;
+		}
+
+		return $result;
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_redis.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_redis.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index ac67be0..e8dd9b3
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_redis.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_redis.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -76,6 +77,20 @@ class CI_Cache_redis extends CI_Driver
 	 */
 	protected $_serialized = array();
 
+	/**
+	 * del()/delete() method name depending on phpRedis version
+	 *
+	 * @var	string
+	 */
+	protected static $_delete_name;
+
+	/**
+	 * sRem()/sRemove() method name depending on phpRedis version
+	 *
+	 * @var	string
+	 */
+	protected static $_sRemove_name;
+
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -97,6 +112,20 @@ class CI_Cache_redis extends CI_Driver
 			return;
 		}
 
+		if ( ! isset(static::$_delete_name, static::$_sRemove_name))
+		{
+			if (version_compare(phpversion('redis'), '5', '>='))
+			{
+				static::$_delete_name  = 'del';
+				static::$_sRemove_name = 'sRem';
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				static::$_delete_name  = 'delete';
+				static::$_sRemove_name = 'sRemove';
+			}
+		}
+
 		$CI =& get_instance();
 
 		if ($CI->config->load('redis', TRUE, TRUE))
@@ -135,10 +164,6 @@ class CI_Cache_redis extends CI_Driver
 		{
 			log_message('error', 'Cache: Redis connection refused ('.$e->getMessage().')');
 		}
-
-		// Initialize the index of serialized values.
-		$serialized = $this->_redis->sMembers('_ci_redis_serialized');
-		empty($serialized) OR $this->_serialized = array_flip($serialized);
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -153,7 +178,7 @@ class CI_Cache_redis extends CI_Driver
 	{
 		$value = $this->_redis->get($key);
 
-		if ($value !== FALSE && isset($this->_serialized[$key]))
+		if ($value !== FALSE && $this->_redis->sIsMember('_ci_redis_serialized', $key))
 		{
 			return unserialize($value);
 		}
@@ -184,10 +209,9 @@ class CI_Cache_redis extends CI_Driver
 			isset($this->_serialized[$id]) OR $this->_serialized[$id] = TRUE;
 			$data = serialize($data);
 		}
-		elseif (isset($this->_serialized[$id]))
+		else
 		{
-			$this->_serialized[$id] = NULL;
-			$this->_redis->sRemove('_ci_redis_serialized', $id);
+			$this->_redis->{static::$_sRemove_name}('_ci_redis_serialized', $id);
 		}
 
 		return $this->_redis->set($id, $data, $ttl);
@@ -203,16 +227,12 @@ class CI_Cache_redis extends CI_Driver
 	 */
 	public function delete($key)
 	{
-		if ($this->_redis->delete($key) !== 1)
+		if ($this->_redis->{static::$_delete_name}($key) !== 1)
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		if (isset($this->_serialized[$key]))
-		{
-			$this->_serialized[$key] = NULL;
-			$this->_redis->sRemove('_ci_redis_serialized', $key);
-		}
+		$this->_redis->{static::$_sRemove_name}('_ci_redis_serialized', $key);
 
 		return TRUE;
 	}
@@ -228,7 +248,7 @@ class CI_Cache_redis extends CI_Driver
 	 */
 	public function increment($id, $offset = 1)
 	{
-		return $this->_redis->incr($id, $offset);
+		return $this->_redis->incrBy($id, $offset);
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -242,7 +262,7 @@ class CI_Cache_redis extends CI_Driver
 	 */
 	public function decrement($id, $offset = 1)
 	{
-		return $this->_redis->decr($id, $offset);
+		return $this->_redis->decrBy($id, $offset);
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_wincache.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_wincache.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index f296a5e..bd18148
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_wincache.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_wincache.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * CodeIgniter Wincache Caching Class
  *
  * Read more about Wincache functions here:
- * http://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.wincache.php
+ * https://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.wincache.php
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
@@ -169,10 +170,10 @@ class CI_Cache_wincache extends CI_Driver {
 	 *
 	 * @return	mixed	array on success, false on failure
 	 */
-	 public function cache_info()
-	 {
-		 return wincache_ucache_info(TRUE);
-	 }
+	public function cache_info()
+	{
+		return wincache_ucache_info(TRUE);
+	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/index.html b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/index.html b/system/libraries/Cache/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/libraries/Calendar.php b/system/libraries/Calendar.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index edb0fb4..8eefc82
--- a/system/libraries/Calendar.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Calendar.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Libraries
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/calendar.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/calendar.html
  */
 class CI_Calendar {
 
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cart.php b/system/libraries/Cart.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 734c434..f8244b1
--- a/system/libraries/Cart.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cart.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Shopping Cart
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/cart.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/cart.html
  * @deprecated	3.0.0	This class is too specific for CI.
  */
 class CI_Cart {
diff --git a/system/libraries/Driver.php b/system/libraries/Driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 00e8416..84f0b6c
--- a/system/libraries/Driver.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
diff --git a/system/libraries/Email.php b/system/libraries/Email.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 0e9cf05..82fae12
--- a/system/libraries/Email.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Email.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Libraries
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/email.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/email.html
  */
 class CI_Email {
 
@@ -397,7 +398,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 		$this->initialize($config);
 		$this->_safe_mode = ( ! is_php('5.4') && ini_get('safe_mode'));
 
-		isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = (extension_loaded('mbstring') && ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));
+		isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = ( ! is_php('8.0') && extension_loaded('mbstring') && @ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));
 
 		log_message('info', 'Email Class Initialized');
 	}
@@ -961,10 +962,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 		{
 			return 'plain-attach';
 		}
-		else
-		{
-			return 'plain';
-		}
+
+		return 'plain';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1034,9 +1033,17 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 */
 	public function valid_email($email)
 	{
-		if (function_exists('idn_to_ascii') && $atpos = strpos($email, '@'))
+		if (function_exists('idn_to_ascii') && strpos($email, '@'))
 		{
-			$email = self::substr($email, 0, ++$atpos).idn_to_ascii(self::substr($email, $atpos));
+			list($account, $domain) = explode('@', $email, 2);
+			$domain = defined('INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_UTS46')
+				? idn_to_ascii($domain, 0, INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_UTS46)
+				: idn_to_ascii($domain);
+
+			if ($domain !== FALSE)
+			{
+				$email = $account.'@'.$domain;
+			}
 		}
 
 		return (bool) filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL);
@@ -1851,9 +1858,17 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 */
 	protected function _validate_email_for_shell(&$email)
 	{
-		if (function_exists('idn_to_ascii') && $atpos = strpos($email, '@'))
+		if (function_exists('idn_to_ascii') && strpos($email, '@'))
 		{
-			$email = self::substr($email, 0, ++$atpos).idn_to_ascii(self::substr($email, $atpos));
+			list($account, $domain) = explode('@', $email, 2);
+			$domain = defined('INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_UTS46')
+				? idn_to_ascii($domain, 0, INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_UTS46)
+				: idn_to_ascii($domain);
+
+			if ($domain !== FALSE)
+			{
+				$email = $account.'@'.$domain;
+			}
 		}
 
 		return (filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL) === $email && preg_match('#\A[a-z0-9._+-]+@[a-z0-9.-]{1,253}\z#i', $email));
@@ -2068,7 +2083,19 @@ class CI_Email {
 			$this->_send_command('hello');
 			$this->_send_command('starttls');
 
-			$crypto = stream_socket_enable_crypto($this->_smtp_connect, TRUE, STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLS_CLIENT);
+			/**
+			 * STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLS_CLIENT is quite the mess ...
+			 *
+			 * - On PHP <5.6 it doesn't even mean TLS, but SSL 2.0, and there's no option to use actual TLS
+			 * - On PHP 5.6.0-5.6.6, >=7.2 it means negotiation with any of TLS 1.0, 1.1, 1.2
+			 * - On PHP 5.6.7-7.1.* it means only TLS 1.0
+			 *
+			 * We want the negotiation, so we'll force it below ...
+			 */
+			$method = is_php('5.6')
+				? STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_0_CLIENT | STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_1_CLIENT | STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_2_CLIENT
+				: STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLS_CLIENT;
+			$crypto = stream_socket_enable_crypto($this->_smtp_connect, TRUE, $method);
 
 			if ($crypto !== TRUE)
 			{
@@ -2259,10 +2286,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 				usleep(250000);
 				continue;
 			}
-			else
-			{
-				$timestamp = 0;
-			}
+
+			$timestamp = 0;
 		}
 
 		if ($result === FALSE)
diff --git a/system/libraries/Encrypt.php b/system/libraries/Encrypt.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index ebcc6e8..4d1dae5
--- a/system/libraries/Encrypt.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Encrypt.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Libraries
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/encryption.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/encryption.html
  */
 class CI_Encrypt {
 
@@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	 * This allows for backwards compatibility and a method to transition to the
 	 * new encryption algorithms.
 	 *
-	 * For more details, see https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/installation/upgrade_200.html#encryption
+	 * For more details, see https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/installation/upgrade_200.html#encryption
 	 *
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	int		(mcrypt mode constant)
diff --git a/system/libraries/Encryption.php b/system/libraries/Encryption.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index c1e454d..a1ad870
--- a/system/libraries/Encryption.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Encryption.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Libraries
  * @author		Andrey Andreev
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/encryption.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/encryption.html
  */
 class CI_Encryption {
 
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ class CI_Encryption {
 			show_error('Encryption: Unable to find an available encryption driver.');
 		}
 
-		isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = (extension_loaded('mbstring') && ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));
+		isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = ( ! is_php('8.0') && extension_loaded('mbstring') && @ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));
 		$this->initialize($params);
 
 		if ( ! isset($this->_key) && self::strlen($key = config_item('encryption_key')) > 0)
@@ -476,7 +477,7 @@ class CI_Encryption {
 
 		$iv = ($iv_size = openssl_cipher_iv_length($params['handle']))
 			? $this->create_key($iv_size)
-			: NULL;
+			: '';
 
 		$data = openssl_encrypt(
 			$data,
@@ -585,7 +586,7 @@ class CI_Encryption {
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			$iv = NULL;
+			$iv = '';
 		}
 
 		if (mcrypt_generic_init($params['handle'], $params['key'], $iv) < 0)
@@ -632,7 +633,7 @@ class CI_Encryption {
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			$iv = NULL;
+			$iv = '';
 		}
 
 		return empty($params['handle'])
@@ -682,10 +683,8 @@ class CI_Encryption {
 			{
 				return FALSE;
 			}
-			else
-			{
-				$params['mode'] = $this->_modes[$this->_driver][$params['mode']];
-			}
+
+			$params['mode'] = $this->_modes[$this->_driver][$params['mode']];
 		}
 
 		if (isset($params['hmac']) && $params['hmac'] === FALSE)
@@ -912,8 +911,8 @@ class CI_Encryption {
 	protected static function strlen($str)
 	{
 		return (self::$func_overload)
-			? mb_strlen($str, '8bit')
-			: strlen($str);
+			? mb_strlen((string) $str, '8bit')
+			: strlen((string) $str);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Form_validation.php b/system/libraries/Form_validation.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 71d0e64..024f0ed
--- a/system/libraries/Form_validation.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Form_validation.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Validation
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/form_validation.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/form_validation.html
  */
 class CI_Form_validation {
 
@@ -584,7 +585,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 			{
 				if ($row['is_array'] === FALSE)
 				{
-					isset($_POST[$field]) && $_POST[$field] = $row['postdata'];
+					isset($_POST[$field]) && $_POST[$field] = is_array($row['postdata']) ? NULL : $row['postdata'];
 				}
 				else
 				{
@@ -1056,7 +1057,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	{
 		return is_array($str)
 			? (empty($str) === FALSE)
-			: (trim($str) !== '');
+			: (trim((string) $str) !== '');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1208,6 +1209,13 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 			$str = $matches[2];
 		}
 
+		// Apparently, FILTER_VALIDATE_URL doesn't reject digit-only names for some reason ...
+		// See https://github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/issues/5755
+		if (ctype_digit($str))
+		{
+			return FALSE;
+		}
+
 		// PHP 7 accepts IPv6 addresses within square brackets as hostnames,
 		// but it appears that the PR that came in with https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=68039
 		// was never merged into a PHP 5 branch ... https://3v4l.org/8PsSN
@@ -1231,7 +1239,14 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	{
 		if (function_exists('idn_to_ascii') && preg_match('#\A([^@]+)@(.+)\z#', $str, $matches))
 		{
-			$str = $matches[1].'@'.idn_to_ascii($matches[2]);
+			$domain = defined('INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_UTS46')
+				? idn_to_ascii($matches[2], 0, INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_UTS46)
+				: idn_to_ascii($matches[2]);
+
+			if ($domain !== FALSE)
+			{
+				$str = $matches[1].'@'.$domain;
+			}
 		}
 
 		return (bool) filter_var($str, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL);
diff --git a/system/libraries/Ftp.php b/system/libraries/Ftp.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 86e5b8f..15a0887
--- a/system/libraries/Ftp.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Ftp.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Libraries
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/ftp.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/ftp.html
  */
 class CI_FTP {
 
@@ -202,7 +203,7 @@ class CI_FTP {
 	 */
 	protected function _is_conn()
 	{
-		if ( ! is_resource($this->conn_id))
+		if ($this->conn_id === FALSE)
 		{
 			if ($this->debug === TRUE)
 			{
diff --git a/system/libraries/Image_lib.php b/system/libraries/Image_lib.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 8786d9d..3f9698c
--- a/system/libraries/Image_lib.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Image_lib.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Image_lib
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/image_lib.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/image_lib.html
  */
 class CI_Image_lib {
 
@@ -835,7 +836,10 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		imagedestroy($dst_img);
 		imagedestroy($src_img);
 
-		chmod($this->full_dst_path, $this->file_permissions);
+		if ($this->dynamic_output !== TRUE)
+		{
+			chmod($this->full_dst_path, $this->file_permissions);
+		}
 
 		return TRUE;
 	}
diff --git a/system/libraries/Javascript.php b/system/libraries/Javascript.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 7648526..8f2cf58
--- a/system/libraries/Javascript.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Javascript.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Javascript
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/javascript.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/javascript.html
  * @deprecated	3.0.0	This was never a good idea in the first place.
  */
 class CI_Javascript {
diff --git a/system/libraries/Javascript/Jquery.php b/system/libraries/Javascript/Jquery.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index ee5f9de..e06f1ba
--- a/system/libraries/Javascript/Jquery.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Javascript/Jquery.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Loader
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/javascript.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/javascript.html
  */
 class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 
@@ -789,7 +790,7 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	/**
 	 * Corner Plugin
 	 *
-	 * @link	http://www.malsup.com/jquery/corner/
+	 * @link	https://www.malsup.com/jquery/corner/
 	 * @param	string	$element
 	 * @param	string	$corner_style
 	 * @return	string
diff --git a/system/libraries/Javascript/index.html b/system/libraries/Javascript/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/libraries/Migration.php b/system/libraries/Migration.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 2a87d9d..9ee92b6
--- a/system/libraries/Migration.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Migration.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -288,7 +289,7 @@ class CI_Migration {
 				$this->_error_string = sprintf($this->lang->line('migration_class_doesnt_exist'), $class);
 				return FALSE;
 			}
-			elseif ( ! is_callable(array($class, $method)))
+			elseif ( ! method_exists($class, $method) OR ! (new ReflectionMethod($class, $method))->isPublic())
 			{
 				$this->_error_string = sprintf($this->lang->line('migration_missing_'.$method.'_method'), $class);
 				return FALSE;
diff --git a/system/libraries/Pagination.php b/system/libraries/Pagination.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index f26f8a4..4d945a0
--- a/system/libraries/Pagination.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Pagination.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Pagination
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/pagination.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/pagination.html
  */
 class CI_Pagination {
 
@@ -339,6 +340,10 @@ class CI_Pagination {
 			}
 		}
 
+		// _parse_attributes(), called by initialize(), needs to run at least once
+		// in order to enable "rel" attributes, and this triggers it.
+		isset($params['attributes']) OR $params['attributes'] = array();
+
 		$this->initialize($params);
 		log_message('info', 'Pagination Class Initialized');
 	}
@@ -353,8 +358,7 @@ class CI_Pagination {
 	 */
 	public function initialize(array $params = array())
 	{
-		isset($params['attributes']) OR $params['attributes'] = array();
-		if (is_array($params['attributes']))
+		if (isset($params['attributes']) && is_array($params['attributes']))
 		{
 			$this->_parse_attributes($params['attributes']);
 			unset($params['attributes']);
@@ -683,7 +687,7 @@ class CI_Pagination {
 	/**
 	 * Add "rel" attribute
 	 *
-	 * @link	http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/links.html#linkTypes
+	 * @link	https://www.w3.org/TR/html5/links.html#linkTypes
 	 * @param	string	$type
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Parser.php b/system/libraries/Parser.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index fdd958b..e0adec6
--- a/system/libraries/Parser.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Parser.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Parser
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/parser.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/parser.html
  */
 class CI_Parser {
 
diff --git a/system/libraries/Profiler.php b/system/libraries/Profiler.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index cb3eaed..d423c14
--- a/system/libraries/Profiler.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Profiler.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Libraries
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/general/profiling.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/general/profiling.html
  */
 class CI_Profiler {
 
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 		{
 			if ( ! isset($config[$section]))
 			{
-				$this->_compile_{$section} = TRUE;
+				$this->{'_compile_'.$section} = TRUE;
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 		{
 			if (in_array($method, $this->_available_sections))
 			{
-				$this->_compile_{$method} = ($enable !== FALSE);
+				$this->{'_compile_'.$method} = ($enable !== FALSE);
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -486,17 +487,17 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 		{
 			$pre       = '';
 			$pre_close = '';
-                        
+
 			if (is_array($val) OR is_object($val))
 			{
 				$val = print_r($val, TRUE);
-                                
+
 				$pre       = '<pre>' ;
- 				$pre_close = '</pre>';
+				$pre_close = '</pre>';
 			}
 
 			$output .= '<tr><td style="padding:5px;vertical-align:top;color:#900;background-color:#ddd;">'
-				.$config.'&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td style="padding:5px;color:#000;background-color:#ddd;">'.$pre.htmlspecialchars($val, ENT_QUOTES, config_item('charset')).$pre_close."</td></tr>\n";
+				.$config.'&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td style="padding:5px;color:#000;background-color:#ddd;">'.$pre.htmlspecialchars((string) $val, ENT_QUOTES, config_item('charset')).$pre_close."</td></tr>\n";
 		}
 
 		return $output."</table>\n</fieldset>";
@@ -524,17 +525,17 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 		{
 			$pre       = '';
 			$pre_close = '';
-                        
+
 			if (is_array($val) OR is_object($val))
 			{
 				$val = print_r($val, TRUE);
-                                
+
 				$pre       = '<pre>' ;
- 				$pre_close = '</pre>';
+				$pre_close = '</pre>';
 			}
 
 			$output .= '<tr><td style="padding:5px;vertical-align:top;color:#900;background-color:#ddd;">'
-				.$key.'&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td style="padding:5px;color:#000;background-color:#ddd;">'.$pre.htmlspecialchars($val, ENT_QUOTES, config_item('charset')).$pre_close."</td></tr>\n";
+				.$key.'&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td style="padding:5px;color:#000;background-color:#ddd;">'.$pre.htmlspecialchars((string) $val, ENT_QUOTES, config_item('charset')).$pre_close."</td></tr>\n";
 		}
 
 		return $output."</table>\n</fieldset>";
@@ -554,7 +555,7 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 
 		foreach ($this->_available_sections as $section)
 		{
-			if ($this->_compile_{$section} !== FALSE)
+			if ($this->{'_compile_'.$section} !== FALSE)
 			{
 				$func = '_compile_'.$section;
 				$output .= $this->{$func}();
diff --git a/system/libraries/Session/Session.php b/system/libraries/Session/Session.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index eb433de..a211ce3
--- a/system/libraries/Session/Session.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Session/Session.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 2.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Sessions
  * @author		Andrey Andreev
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/sessions.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/sessions.html
  */
 class CI_Session {
 
@@ -102,31 +103,24 @@ class CI_Session {
 		$this->_configure($params);
 		$this->_config['_sid_regexp'] = $this->_sid_regexp;
 
-		$class = new $class($this->_config);
-		if ($class instanceof SessionHandlerInterface)
+		$class   = new $class($this->_config);
+		$wrapper = new CI_SessionWrapper($class);
+		if (is_php('5.4'))
 		{
-			if (is_php('5.4'))
-			{
-				session_set_save_handler($class, TRUE);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				session_set_save_handler(
-					array($class, 'open'),
-					array($class, 'close'),
-					array($class, 'read'),
-					array($class, 'write'),
-					array($class, 'destroy'),
-					array($class, 'gc')
-				);
-
-				register_shutdown_function('session_write_close');
-			}
+			session_set_save_handler($wrapper, TRUE);
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			log_message('error', "Session: Driver '".$this->_driver."' doesn't implement SessionHandlerInterface. Aborting.");
-			return;
+			session_set_save_handler(
+				array($wrapper, 'open'),
+				array($wrapper, 'close'),
+				array($wrapper, 'read'),
+				array($wrapper, 'write'),
+				array($wrapper, 'destroy'),
+				array($wrapper, 'gc')
+			);
+
+			register_shutdown_function('session_write_close');
 		}
 
 		// Sanitize the cookie, because apparently PHP doesn't do that for userspace handlers
@@ -160,15 +154,36 @@ class CI_Session {
 		// unless it is being currently created or regenerated
 		elseif (isset($_COOKIE[$this->_config['cookie_name']]) && $_COOKIE[$this->_config['cookie_name']] === session_id())
 		{
-			setcookie(
-				$this->_config['cookie_name'],
-				session_id(),
-				(empty($this->_config['cookie_lifetime']) ? 0 : time() + $this->_config['cookie_lifetime']),
-				$this->_config['cookie_path'],
-				$this->_config['cookie_domain'],
-				$this->_config['cookie_secure'],
-				TRUE
-			);
+			$expires = empty($this->_config['cookie_lifetime']) ? 0 : time() + $this->_config['cookie_lifetime'];
+			if (is_php('7.3'))
+			{
+				setcookie(
+					$this->_config['cookie_name'],
+					session_id(),
+					array(
+						'expires' => $expires,
+						'path' => $this->_config['cookie_path'],
+						'domain' => $this->_config['cookie_domain'],
+						'secure' => $this->_config['cookie_secure'],
+						'httponly' => TRUE,
+						'samesite' => $this->_config['cookie_samesite']
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				$header = 'Set-Cookie: '.$this->_config['cookie_name'].'='.session_id();
+				$header .= empty($expires) ? '' : '; Expires='.gmdate('D, d-M-Y H:i:s T', $expires).'; Max-Age='.$this->_config['cookie_lifetime'];
+				$header .= '; Path='.$this->_config['cookie_path'];
+				$header .= ($this->_config['cookie_domain'] !== '' ? '; Domain='.$this->_config['cookie_domain'] : '');
+				$header .= ($this->_config['cookie_secure'] ? '; Secure' : '').'; HttpOnly; SameSite='.$this->_config['cookie_samesite'];
+				header($header);
+			}
+
+			if ( ! $this->_config['cookie_secure'] && $this->_config['cookie_samesite'] === 'None')
+			{
+				log_message('error', "Session: '".$this->_config['cookie_name']."' cookie sent with SameSite=None, but without Secure attribute.'");
+			}
 		}
 
 		$this->_ci_init_vars();
@@ -192,6 +207,12 @@ class CI_Session {
 	{
 		// PHP 5.4 compatibility
 		interface_exists('SessionHandlerInterface', FALSE) OR require_once(BASEPATH.'libraries/Session/SessionHandlerInterface.php');
+		// PHP 7 compatibility
+		interface_exists('SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface', FALSE) OR require_once(BASEPATH.'libraries/Session/SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface.php');
+
+		require_once(BASEPATH.'libraries/Session/CI_Session_driver_interface.php');
+		$wrapper = is_php('8.0') ? 'PHP8SessionWrapper' : 'OldSessionWrapper';
+		require_once(BASEPATH.'libraries/Session/'.$wrapper.'.php');
 
 		$prefix = config_item('subclass_prefix');
 
@@ -241,10 +262,8 @@ class CI_Session {
 			{
 				return $prefix.$class;
 			}
-			else
-			{
-				log_message('debug', 'Session: '.$prefix.$class.".php found but it doesn't declare class ".$prefix.$class.'.');
-			}
+
+			log_message('debug', 'Session: '.$prefix.$class.".php found but it doesn't declare class ".$prefix.$class.'.');
 		}
 
 		return 'CI_'.$class;
@@ -288,13 +307,43 @@ class CI_Session {
 		isset($params['cookie_domain']) OR $params['cookie_domain'] = config_item('cookie_domain');
 		isset($params['cookie_secure']) OR $params['cookie_secure'] = (bool) config_item('cookie_secure');
 
-		session_set_cookie_params(
-			$params['cookie_lifetime'],
-			$params['cookie_path'],
-			$params['cookie_domain'],
-			$params['cookie_secure'],
-			TRUE // HttpOnly; Yes, this is intentional and not configurable for security reasons
-		);
+		isset($params['cookie_samesite']) OR $params['cookie_samesite'] = config_item('sess_samesite');
+		if ( ! isset($params['cookie_samesite']) && is_php('7.3'))
+		{
+			$params['cookie_samesite'] = ini_get('session.cookie_samesite');
+		}
+
+		if (isset($params['cookie_samesite']))
+		{
+			$params['cookie_samesite'] = ucfirst(strtolower($params['cookie_samesite']));
+			in_array($params['cookie_samesite'], array('Lax', 'Strict', 'None'), TRUE) OR $params['cookie_samesite'] = 'Lax';
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			$params['cookie_samesite'] = 'Lax';
+		}
+
+		if (is_php('7.3'))
+		{
+			session_set_cookie_params(array(
+				'lifetime' => $params['cookie_lifetime'],
+				'path'     => $params['cookie_path'],
+				'domain'   => $params['cookie_domain'],
+				'secure'   => $params['cookie_secure'],
+				'httponly' => TRUE,
+				'samesite' => $params['cookie_samesite']
+			));
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			session_set_cookie_params(
+				$params['cookie_lifetime'],
+				$params['cookie_path'].'; SameSite='.$params['cookie_samesite'],
+				$params['cookie_domain'],
+				$params['cookie_secure'],
+				TRUE // HttpOnly; Yes, this is intentional and not configurable for security reasons
+			);
+		}
 
 		if (empty($expiration))
 		{
@@ -417,9 +466,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 				{
 					$_SESSION['__ci_vars'][$key] = 'old';
 				}
-				// Hacky, but 'old' will (implicitly) always be less than time() ;)
-				// DO NOT move this above the 'new' check!
-				elseif ($value < $current_time)
+				elseif ($value === 'old' || $value < $current_time)
 				{
 					unset($_SESSION[$key], $_SESSION['__ci_vars'][$key]);
 				}
@@ -606,7 +653,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Unmark flash
+	 * Unmark temp
 	 *
 	 * @param	mixed	$key	Session data key(s)
 	 * @return	void
@@ -727,7 +774,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 	 *
 	 * Legacy CI_Session compatibility method
 	 *
-	 * @returns	array
+	 * @return	array
 	 */
 	public function &get_userdata()
 	{
diff --git a/system/libraries/Session/SessionHandlerInterface.php b/system/libraries/Session/SessionHandlerInterface.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 2eef61d..eadb63c
--- a/system/libraries/Session/SessionHandlerInterface.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Session/SessionHandlerInterface.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Sessions
  * @author	Andrey Andreev
- * @link	https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/sessions.html
+ * @link	https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/sessions.html
  */
 interface SessionHandlerInterface {
 
diff --git a/system/libraries/Session/Session_driver.php b/system/libraries/Session/Session_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index f32f14a..24b4b46
--- a/system/libraries/Session/Session_driver.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Session/Session_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,9 +45,9 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Sessions
  * @author	Andrey Andreev
- * @link	https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/sessions.html
+ * @link	https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/sessions.html
  */
-abstract class CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandlerInterface {
+abstract class CI_Session_driver {
 
 	protected $_config;
 
@@ -112,6 +113,23 @@ abstract class CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandlerInterface {
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+	/**
+	 * PHP 5.x validate ID
+	 *
+	 * Enforces session.use_strict_mode
+	 *
+	 * @return	void
+	 */
+	public function php5_validate_id()
+	{
+		if ($this->_success === 0 && isset($_COOKIE[$this->_config['cookie_name']]) && ! $this->validateId($_COOKIE[$this->_config['cookie_name']]))
+		{
+			unset($_COOKIE[$this->_config['cookie_name']]);
+		}
+	}
+
+	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 	/**
 	 * Cookie destroy
 	 *
@@ -122,14 +140,28 @@ abstract class CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandlerInterface {
 	 */
 	protected function _cookie_destroy()
 	{
+		if ( ! is_php('7.3'))
+		{
+			$header = 'Set-Cookie: '.$this->_config['cookie_name'].'=';
+			$header .= '; Expires='.gmdate('D, d-M-Y H:i:s T', 1).'; Max-Age=-1';
+			$header .= '; Path='.$this->_config['cookie_path'];
+			$header .= ($this->_config['cookie_domain'] !== '' ? '; Domain='.$this->_config['cookie_domain'] : '');
+			$header .= ($this->_config['cookie_secure'] ? '; Secure' : '').'; HttpOnly; SameSite='.$this->_config['cookie_samesite'];
+			header($header);
+			return;
+		}
+
 		return setcookie(
 			$this->_config['cookie_name'],
-			NULL,
-			1,
-			$this->_config['cookie_path'],
-			$this->_config['cookie_domain'],
-			$this->_config['cookie_secure'],
-			TRUE
+			'',
+			array(
+				'expires' => 1,
+				'path' => $this->_config['cookie_path'],
+				'domain' => $this->_config['cookie_domain'],
+				'secure' => $this->_config['cookie_secure'],
+				'httponly' => TRUE,
+				'samesite' => $this->_config['cookie_samesite']
+			)
 		);
 	}
 
@@ -167,25 +199,4 @@ abstract class CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandlerInterface {
 
 		return TRUE;
 	}
-
-	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Fail
-	 *
-	 * Drivers other than the 'files' one don't (need to) use the
-	 * session.save_path INI setting, but that leads to confusing
-	 * error messages emitted by PHP when open() or write() fail,
-	 * as the message contains session.save_path ...
-	 * To work around the problem, the drivers will call this method
-	 * so that the INI is set just in time for the error message to
-	 * be properly generated.
-	 *
-	 * @return	mixed
-	 */
-	protected function _fail()
-	{
-		ini_set('session.save_path', config_item('sess_save_path'));
-		return $this->_failure;
-	}
 }
diff --git a/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_database_driver.php b/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_database_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index b519b78..4b47536
--- a/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_database_driver.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_database_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,9 +45,9 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Sessions
  * @author	Andrey Andreev
- * @link	https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/sessions.html
+ * @link	https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/sessions.html
  */
-class CI_Session_database_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandlerInterface {
+class CI_Session_database_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements CI_Session_driver_interface {
 
 	/**
 	 * DB object
@@ -130,9 +131,11 @@ class CI_Session_database_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHan
 	{
 		if (empty($this->_db->conn_id) && ! $this->_db->db_connect())
 		{
-			return $this->_fail();
+			return $this->_failure;
 		}
 
+		$this->php5_validate_id();
+
 		return $this->_success;
 	}
 
@@ -148,48 +151,47 @@ class CI_Session_database_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHan
 	 */
 	public function read($session_id)
 	{
-		if ($this->_get_lock($session_id) !== FALSE)
+		if ($this->_get_lock($session_id) === FALSE)
 		{
-			// Prevent previous QB calls from messing with our queries
-			$this->_db->reset_query();
-
-			// Needed by write() to detect session_regenerate_id() calls
-			$this->_session_id = $session_id;
-
-			$this->_db
-				->select('data')
-				->from($this->_config['save_path'])
-				->where('id', $session_id);
-
-			if ($this->_config['match_ip'])
-			{
-				$this->_db->where('ip_address', $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']);
-			}
-
-			if ( ! ($result = $this->_db->get()) OR ($result = $result->row()) === NULL)
-			{
-				// PHP7 will reuse the same SessionHandler object after
-				// ID regeneration, so we need to explicitly set this to
-				// FALSE instead of relying on the default ...
-				$this->_row_exists = FALSE;
-				$this->_fingerprint = md5('');
-				return '';
-			}
-
-			// PostgreSQL's variant of a BLOB datatype is Bytea, which is a
-			// PITA to work with, so we use base64-encoded data in a TEXT
-			// field instead.
-			$result = ($this->_platform === 'postgre')
-				? base64_decode(rtrim($result->data))
-				: $result->data;
-
-			$this->_fingerprint = md5($result);
-			$this->_row_exists = TRUE;
-			return $result;
+			return $this->_failure;
 		}
 
-		$this->_fingerprint = md5('');
-		return '';
+		// Prevent previous QB calls from messing with our queries
+		$this->_db->reset_query();
+
+		// Needed by write() to detect session_regenerate_id() calls
+		$this->_session_id = $session_id;
+
+		$this->_db
+			->select('data')
+			->from($this->_config['save_path'])
+			->where('id', $session_id);
+
+		if ($this->_config['match_ip'])
+		{
+			$this->_db->where('ip_address', $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']);
+		}
+
+		if ( ! ($result = $this->_db->get()) OR ($result = $result->row()) === NULL)
+		{
+			// PHP7 will reuse the same SessionHandler object after
+			// ID regeneration, so we need to explicitly set this to
+			// FALSE instead of relying on the default ...
+			$this->_row_exists = FALSE;
+			$this->_fingerprint = md5('');
+			return '';
+		}
+
+		// PostgreSQL's variant of a BLOB datatype is Bytea, which is a
+		// PITA to work with, so we use base64-encoded data in a TEXT
+		// field instead.
+		$result = ($this->_platform === 'postgre')
+			? base64_decode(rtrim($result->data))
+			: $result->data;
+
+		$this->_fingerprint = md5($result);
+		$this->_row_exists = TRUE;
+		return $result;
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -213,7 +215,7 @@ class CI_Session_database_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHan
 		{
 			if ( ! $this->_release_lock() OR ! $this->_get_lock($session_id))
 			{
-				return $this->_fail();
+				return $this->_failure;
 			}
 
 			$this->_row_exists = FALSE;
@@ -221,7 +223,7 @@ class CI_Session_database_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHan
 		}
 		elseif ($this->_lock === FALSE)
 		{
-			return $this->_fail();
+			return $this->_failure;
 		}
 
 		if ($this->_row_exists === FALSE)
@@ -240,7 +242,7 @@ class CI_Session_database_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHan
 				return $this->_success;
 			}
 
-			return $this->_fail();
+			return $this->_failure;
 		}
 
 		$this->_db->where('id', $session_id);
@@ -263,7 +265,7 @@ class CI_Session_database_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHan
 			return $this->_success;
 		}
 
-		return $this->_fail();
+		return $this->_failure;
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -278,7 +280,7 @@ class CI_Session_database_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHan
 	public function close()
 	{
 		return ($this->_lock && ! $this->_release_lock())
-			? $this->_fail()
+			? $this->_failure
 			: $this->_success;
 	}
 
@@ -307,7 +309,7 @@ class CI_Session_database_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHan
 
 			if ( ! $this->_db->delete($this->_config['save_path']))
 			{
-				return $this->_fail();
+				return $this->_failure;
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -317,7 +319,7 @@ class CI_Session_database_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHan
 			return $this->_success;
 		}
 
-		return $this->_fail();
+		return $this->_failure;
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -337,7 +339,56 @@ class CI_Session_database_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHan
 
 		return ($this->_db->delete($this->_config['save_path'], 'timestamp < '.(time() - $maxlifetime)))
 			? $this->_success
-			: $this->_fail();
+			: $this->_failure;
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Update Timestamp
+	 *
+	 * Update session timestamp without modifying data
+	 *
+	 * @param	string	$id	Session ID
+	 * @param	string	$data	Unknown & unused
+	 * @return	bool
+	 */
+	public function updateTimestamp($id, $unknown)
+	{
+		// Prevent previous QB calls from messing with our queries
+		$this->_db->reset_query();
+
+		$this->_db->where('id', $id);
+		if ($this->_config['match_ip'])
+		{
+			$this->_db->where('ip_address', $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']);
+		}
+
+		return (bool) $this->_db->update($this->_config['save_path'], array('timestamp' => time()));
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Validate ID
+	 *
+	 * Checks whether a session ID record exists server-side,
+	 * to enforce session.use_strict_mode.
+	 *
+	 * @param	string	$id	Session ID
+	 * @return	bool
+	 */
+	public function validateId($id)
+	{
+		// Prevent previous QB calls from messing with our queries
+		$this->_db->reset_query();
+
+		$this->_db->select('1')->from($this->_config['save_path'])->where('id', $id);
+		empty($this->_config['match_ip']) OR $this->_db->where('ip_address', $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']);
+		$result = $this->_db->get();
+		empty($result) OR $result = $result->row();
+
+		return ! empty($result);
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_files_driver.php b/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_files_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 8860ef6..be0dc9e
--- a/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_files_driver.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_files_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,12 +29,13 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
-*/
+ */
 defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
 
 /**
@@ -44,9 +45,9 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Sessions
  * @author	Andrey Andreev
- * @link	https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/sessions.html
+ * @link	https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/sessions.html
  */
-class CI_Session_files_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandlerInterface {
+class CI_Session_files_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements CI_Session_driver_interface {
 
 	/**
 	 * Save path
@@ -115,7 +116,7 @@ class CI_Session_files_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandle
 
 		$this->_sid_regexp = $this->_config['_sid_regexp'];
 
-		isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = (extension_loaded('mbstring') && ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));
+		isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = ( ! is_php('8.0') && extension_loaded('mbstring') && @ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -135,12 +136,14 @@ class CI_Session_files_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandle
 		{
 			if ( ! mkdir($save_path, 0700, TRUE))
 			{
-				throw new Exception("Session: Configured save path '".$this->_config['save_path']."' is not a directory, doesn't exist or cannot be created.");
+				log_message('error', "Session: Configured save path '".$this->_config['save_path']."' is not a directory, doesn't exist or cannot be created.");
+				return $this->_failure;
 			}
 		}
 		elseif ( ! is_writable($save_path))
 		{
-			throw new Exception("Session: Configured save path '".$this->_config['save_path']."' is not writable by the PHP process.");
+			log_message('error', "Session: Configured save path '".$this->_config['save_path']."' is not writable by the PHP process.");
+			return $this->_failure;
 		}
 
 		$this->_config['save_path'] = $save_path;
@@ -148,6 +151,8 @@ class CI_Session_files_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandle
 			.$name // we'll use the session cookie name as a prefix to avoid collisions
 			.($this->_config['match_ip'] ? md5($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) : '');
 
+		$this->php5_validate_id();
+
 		return $this->_success;
 	}
 
@@ -192,6 +197,10 @@ class CI_Session_files_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandle
 				$this->_fingerprint = md5('');
 				return '';
 			}
+
+			// Prevent possible data corruption
+			// See https://github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/issues/5857
+			clearstatcache(TRUE, $this->_file_path.$session_id);
 		}
 		// We shouldn't need this, but apparently we do ...
 		// See https://github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/issues/4039
@@ -391,6 +400,40 @@ class CI_Session_files_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandle
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+	/**
+	 * Update Timestamp
+	 *
+	 * Update session timestamp without modifying data
+	 *
+	 * @param	string	$id	Session ID
+	 * @param	string	$data	Unknown & unused
+	 * @return	bool
+	 */
+	public function updateTimestamp($id, $unknown)
+	{
+		return touch($this->_file_path.$id);
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Validate ID
+	 *
+	 * Checks whether a session ID record exists server-side,
+	 * to enforce session.use_strict_mode.
+	 *
+	 * @param	string	$id	Session ID
+	 * @return	bool
+	 */
+	public function validateId($id)
+	{
+		$result = is_file($this->_file_path.$id);
+		clearstatcache(TRUE, $this->_file_path.$id);
+		return $result;
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 	/**
 	 * Byte-safe strlen()
 	 *
diff --git a/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_memcached_driver.php b/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_memcached_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 5e90539..d140163
--- a/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_memcached_driver.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_memcached_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,9 +45,9 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Sessions
  * @author	Andrey Andreev
- * @link	https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/sessions.html
+ * @link	https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/sessions.html
  */
-class CI_Session_memcached_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandlerInterface {
+class CI_Session_memcached_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements CI_Session_driver_interface {
 
 	/**
 	 * Memcached instance
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ class CI_Session_memcached_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHa
 		{
 			$this->_memcached = NULL;
 			log_message('error', 'Session: Invalid Memcached save path format: '.$this->_config['save_path']);
-			return $this->_fail();
+			return $this->_failure;
 		}
 
 		foreach ($matches as $match)
@@ -142,9 +143,11 @@ class CI_Session_memcached_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHa
 		if (empty($server_list))
 		{
 			log_message('error', 'Session: Memcached server pool is empty.');
-			return $this->_fail();
+			return $this->_failure;
 		}
 
+		$this->php5_validate_id();
+
 		return $this->_success;
 	}
 
@@ -170,7 +173,7 @@ class CI_Session_memcached_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHa
 			return $session_data;
 		}
 
-		return $this->_fail();
+		return $this->_failure;
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -188,14 +191,14 @@ class CI_Session_memcached_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHa
 	{
 		if ( ! isset($this->_memcached, $this->_lock_key))
 		{
-			return $this->_fail();
+			return $this->_failure;
 		}
 		// Was the ID regenerated?
 		elseif ($session_id !== $this->_session_id)
 		{
 			if ( ! $this->_release_lock() OR ! $this->_get_lock($session_id))
 			{
-				return $this->_fail();
+				return $this->_failure;
 			}
 
 			$this->_fingerprint = md5('');
@@ -213,7 +216,7 @@ class CI_Session_memcached_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHa
 				return $this->_success;
 			}
 
-			return $this->_fail();
+			return $this->_failure;
 		}
 		elseif (
 			$this->_memcached->touch($key, $this->_config['expiration'])
@@ -223,7 +226,7 @@ class CI_Session_memcached_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHa
 			return $this->_success;
 		}
 
-		return $this->_fail();
+		return $this->_failure;
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -242,14 +245,14 @@ class CI_Session_memcached_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHa
 			$this->_release_lock();
 			if ( ! $this->_memcached->quit())
 			{
-				return $this->_fail();
+				return $this->_failure;
 			}
 
 			$this->_memcached = NULL;
 			return $this->_success;
 		}
 
-		return $this->_fail();
+		return $this->_failure;
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -271,7 +274,7 @@ class CI_Session_memcached_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHa
 			return $this->_success;
 		}
 
-		return $this->_fail();
+		return $this->_failure;
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -290,6 +293,39 @@ class CI_Session_memcached_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHa
 		return $this->_success;
 	}
 
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Update Timestamp
+	 *
+	 * Update session timestamp without modifying data
+	 *
+	 * @param	string	$id	Session ID
+	 * @param	string	$data	Unknown & unused
+	 * @return	bool
+	 */
+	public function updateTimestamp($id, $unknown)
+	{
+		return $this->_memcached->touch($this->_key_prefix.$id, $this->_config['expiration']);
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Validate ID
+	 *
+	 * Checks whether a session ID record exists server-side,
+	 * to enforce session.use_strict_mode.
+	 *
+	 * @param	string	$id	Session ID
+	 * @return	bool
+	 */
+	public function validateId($id)
+	{
+		$this->_memcached->get($this->_key_prefix.$id);
+		return ($this->_memcached->getResultCode() === Memcached::RES_SUCCESS);
+	}
+
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -313,6 +349,8 @@ class CI_Session_memcached_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHa
 					? $this->_memcached->add($this->_lock_key, time(), 300)
 					: FALSE;
 			}
+
+			return TRUE;
 		}
 
 		// 30 attempts to obtain a lock, in case another request already has it
diff --git a/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_redis_driver.php b/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_redis_driver.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index a9e655a..269dfcd
--- a/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_redis_driver.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_redis_driver.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 3.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,9 +45,9 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Sessions
  * @author	Andrey Andreev
- * @link	https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/sessions.html
+ * @link	https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/sessions.html
  */
-class CI_Session_redis_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandlerInterface {
+class CI_Session_redis_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements CI_Session_driver_interface {
 
 	/**
 	 * phpRedis instance
@@ -76,6 +77,33 @@ class CI_Session_redis_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandle
 	 */
 	protected $_key_exists = FALSE;
 
+	/**
+	 * Name of setTimeout() method in phpRedis
+	 *
+	 * Due to some deprecated methods in phpRedis, we need to call the
+	 * specific methods depending on the version of phpRedis.
+	 *
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected $_setTimeout_name;
+
+	/**
+	 * Name of delete() method in phpRedis
+	 *
+	 * Due to some deprecated methods in phpRedis, we need to call the
+	 * specific methods depending on the version of phpRedis.
+	 *
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected $_delete_name;
+
+	/**
+	 * Success return value of ping() method in phpRedis
+	 *
+	 * @var mixed
+	 */
+	protected $_ping_success;
+
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -88,6 +116,20 @@ class CI_Session_redis_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandle
 	{
 		parent::__construct($params);
 
+		// Detect the names of some methods in phpRedis instance
+		if (version_compare(phpversion('redis'), '5', '>='))
+		{
+			$this->_setTimeout_name = 'expire';
+			$this->_delete_name = 'del';
+			$this->_ping_success = TRUE;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			$this->_setTimeout_name = 'setTimeout';
+			$this->_delete_name = 'delete';
+			$this->_ping_success = '+PONG';
+		}
+
 		if (empty($this->_config['save_path']))
 		{
 			log_message('error', 'Session: No Redis save path configured.');
@@ -131,7 +173,7 @@ class CI_Session_redis_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandle
 	{
 		if (empty($this->_config['save_path']))
 		{
-			return $this->_fail();
+			return $this->_failure;
 		}
 
 		$redis = new Redis();
@@ -150,10 +192,11 @@ class CI_Session_redis_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandle
 		else
 		{
 			$this->_redis = $redis;
+			$this->php5_validate_id();
 			return $this->_success;
 		}
 
-		return $this->_fail();
+		return $this->_failure;
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -183,7 +226,7 @@ class CI_Session_redis_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandle
 			return $session_data;
 		}
 
-		return $this->_fail();
+		return $this->_failure;
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -201,21 +244,21 @@ class CI_Session_redis_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandle
 	{
 		if ( ! isset($this->_redis, $this->_lock_key))
 		{
-			return $this->_fail();
+			return $this->_failure;
 		}
 		// Was the ID regenerated?
 		elseif ($session_id !== $this->_session_id)
 		{
 			if ( ! $this->_release_lock() OR ! $this->_get_lock($session_id))
 			{
-				return $this->_fail();
+				return $this->_failure;
 			}
 
 			$this->_key_exists = FALSE;
 			$this->_session_id = $session_id;
 		}
 
-		$this->_redis->setTimeout($this->_lock_key, 300);
+		$this->_redis->{$this->_setTimeout_name}($this->_lock_key, 300);
 		if ($this->_fingerprint !== ($fingerprint = md5($session_data)) OR $this->_key_exists === FALSE)
 		{
 			if ($this->_redis->set($this->_key_prefix.$session_id, $session_data, $this->_config['expiration']))
@@ -225,12 +268,12 @@ class CI_Session_redis_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandle
 				return $this->_success;
 			}
 
-			return $this->_fail();
+			return $this->_failure;
 		}
 
-		return ($this->_redis->setTimeout($this->_key_prefix.$session_id, $this->_config['expiration']))
+		return ($this->_redis->{$this->_setTimeout_name}($this->_key_prefix.$session_id, $this->_config['expiration']))
 			? $this->_success
-			: $this->_fail();
+			: $this->_failure;
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -247,12 +290,12 @@ class CI_Session_redis_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandle
 		if (isset($this->_redis))
 		{
 			try {
-				if ($this->_redis->ping() === '+PONG')
+				if ($this->_redis->ping() === $this->_ping_success)
 				{
 					$this->_release_lock();
 					if ($this->_redis->close() === FALSE)
 					{
-						return $this->_fail();
+						return $this->_failure;
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -282,16 +325,16 @@ class CI_Session_redis_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandle
 	{
 		if (isset($this->_redis, $this->_lock_key))
 		{
-			if (($result = $this->_redis->delete($this->_key_prefix.$session_id)) !== 1)
+			if (($result = $this->_redis->{$this->_delete_name}($this->_key_prefix.$session_id)) !== 1)
 			{
-				log_message('debug', 'Session: Redis::delete() expected to return 1, got '.var_export($result, TRUE).' instead.');
+				log_message('debug', 'Session: Redis::'.$this->_delete_name.'() expected to return 1, got '.var_export($result, TRUE).' instead.');
 			}
 
 			$this->_cookie_destroy();
 			return $this->_success;
 		}
 
-		return $this->_fail();
+		return $this->_failure;
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -310,6 +353,38 @@ class CI_Session_redis_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandle
 		return $this->_success;
 	}
 
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Update Timestamp
+	 *
+	 * Update session timestamp without modifying data
+	 *
+	 * @param	string	$id	Session ID
+	 * @param	string	$data	Unknown & unused
+	 * @return	bool
+	 */
+	public function updateTimestamp($id, $unknown)
+	{
+		return $this->_redis->{$this->_setTimeout_name}($this->_key_prefix.$id, $this->_config['expiration']);
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Validate ID
+	 *
+	 * Checks whether a session ID record exists server-side,
+	 * to enforce session.use_strict_mode.
+	 *
+	 * @param	string	$id	Session ID
+	 * @return	bool
+	 */
+	public function validateId($id)
+	{
+		return (bool) $this->_redis->exists($this->_key_prefix.$id);
+	}
+
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -327,7 +402,7 @@ class CI_Session_redis_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandle
 		// correct session ID.
 		if ($this->_lock_key === $this->_key_prefix.$session_id.':lock')
 		{
-			return $this->_redis->setTimeout($this->_lock_key, 300);
+			return $this->_redis->{$this->_setTimeout_name}($this->_lock_key, 300);
 		}
 
 		// 30 attempts to obtain a lock, in case another request already has it
@@ -341,11 +416,13 @@ class CI_Session_redis_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandle
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			$result = ($ttl === -2)
-				? $this->_redis->set($lock_key, time(), array('nx', 'ex' => 300))
-				: $this->_redis->setex($lock_key, 300, time());
-
-			if ( ! $result)
+			if ($ttl === -2 && ! $this->_redis->set($lock_key, time(), array('nx', 'ex' => 300)))
+			{
+				// Sleep for 1s to wait for lock releases.
+				sleep(1);
+				continue;
+			}
+			elseif ( ! $this->_redis->setex($lock_key, 300, time()))
 			{
 				log_message('error', 'Session: Error while trying to obtain lock for '.$this->_key_prefix.$session_id);
 				return FALSE;
@@ -383,7 +460,7 @@ class CI_Session_redis_driver extends CI_Session_driver implements SessionHandle
 	{
 		if (isset($this->_redis, $this->_lock_key) && $this->_lock)
 		{
-			if ( ! $this->_redis->delete($this->_lock_key))
+			if ( ! $this->_redis->{$this->_delete_name}($this->_lock_key))
 			{
 				log_message('error', 'Session: Error while trying to free lock for '.$this->_lock_key);
 				return FALSE;
diff --git a/system/libraries/Session/drivers/index.html b/system/libraries/Session/drivers/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/libraries/Session/index.html b/system/libraries/Session/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/system/libraries/Table.php b/system/libraries/Table.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 50c5e35..35f456a
--- a/system/libraries/Table.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Table.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.1
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	HTML Tables
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/table.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/table.html
  */
 class CI_Table {
 
diff --git a/system/libraries/Trackback.php b/system/libraries/Trackback.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 55e9a0e..9246ec6
--- a/system/libraries/Trackback.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Trackback.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Trackbacks
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/trackback.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/trackback.html
  */
 class CI_Trackback {
 
diff --git a/system/libraries/Typography.php b/system/libraries/Typography.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index b25d8fd..108bc77
--- a/system/libraries/Typography.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Typography.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/typography.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/typography.html
  */
 class CI_Typography {
 
diff --git a/system/libraries/Unit_test.php b/system/libraries/Unit_test.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 38e0fbd..e1b94f0
--- a/system/libraries/Unit_test.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Unit_test.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.3.1
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	UnitTesting
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/unit_testing.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/unit_testing.html
  */
 class CI_Unit_test {
 
diff --git a/system/libraries/Upload.php b/system/libraries/Upload.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 0ad8dd3..434b6b1
--- a/system/libraries/Upload.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Upload.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Uploads
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/file_uploading.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/file_uploading.html
  */
 class CI_Upload {
 
@@ -678,10 +679,8 @@ class CI_Upload {
 			$this->set_error('upload_bad_filename', 'debug');
 			return FALSE;
 		}
-		else
-		{
-			return $new_filename;
-		}
+
+		return $new_filename;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -869,7 +868,7 @@ class CI_Upload {
 			$this->file_type = 'image/jpeg';
 		}
 
-		$img_mimes = array('image/gif',	'image/jpeg', 'image/png');
+		$img_mimes = array('image/gif',	'image/jpeg', 'image/png', 'image/webp');
 
 		return in_array($this->file_type, $img_mimes, TRUE);
 	}
@@ -903,7 +902,7 @@ class CI_Upload {
 		}
 
 		// Images get some additional checks
-		if (in_array($ext, array('gif', 'jpg', 'jpeg', 'jpe', 'png'), TRUE) && @getimagesize($this->file_temp) === FALSE)
+		if (in_array($ext, array('gif', 'jpg', 'jpeg', 'jpe', 'png', 'webp'), TRUE) && @getimagesize($this->file_temp) === FALSE)
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -1229,7 +1228,7 @@ class CI_Upload {
 		if (function_exists('finfo_file'))
 		{
 			$finfo = @finfo_open(FILEINFO_MIME);
-			if (is_resource($finfo)) // It is possible that a FALSE value is returned, if there is no magic MIME database file found on the system
+			if ($finfo !== FALSE) // It is possible that a FALSE value is returned, if there is no magic MIME database file found on the system
 			{
 				$mime = @finfo_file($finfo, $file['tmp_name']);
 				finfo_close($finfo);
diff --git a/system/libraries/User_agent.php b/system/libraries/User_agent.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index cda3ef0..6dfabda
--- a/system/libraries/User_agent.php
+++ b/system/libraries/User_agent.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	User Agent
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/user_agent.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/user_agent.html
  */
 class CI_User_agent {
 
@@ -498,7 +499,7 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 			else
 			{
 				$referer_host = @parse_url($_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'], PHP_URL_HOST);
-				$own_host = parse_url(config_item('base_url'), PHP_URL_HOST);
+				$own_host = parse_url((string) config_item('base_url'), PHP_URL_HOST);
 
 				$this->referer = ($referer_host && $referer_host !== $own_host);
 			}
diff --git a/system/libraries/Xmlrpc.php b/system/libraries/Xmlrpc.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 6fa7918..a22841c
--- a/system/libraries/Xmlrpc.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Xmlrpc.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('xml_parser_create'))
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	XML-RPC
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/xmlrpc.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/xmlrpc.html
  */
 class CI_Xmlrpc {
 
@@ -559,7 +560,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
  *
  * @category	XML-RPC
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/xmlrpc.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/xmlrpc.html
  */
 class XML_RPC_Client extends CI_Xmlrpc
 {
@@ -780,7 +781,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Client extends CI_Xmlrpc
  *
  * @category	XML-RPC
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/xmlrpc.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/xmlrpc.html
  */
 class XML_RPC_Response
 {
@@ -1030,7 +1031,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Response
  *
  * @category	XML-RPC
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/xmlrpc.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/xmlrpc.html
  */
 class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 {
@@ -1181,7 +1182,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		$data = implode("\r\n", $lines);
 
 		// Parse XML data
-		if ( ! xml_parse($parser, $data, count($data)))
+		if ( ! xml_parse($parser, $data, TRUE))
 		{
 			$errstr = sprintf('XML error: %s at line %d',
 						xml_error_string(xml_get_error_code($parser)),
@@ -1213,7 +1214,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		{
 			echo '<pre>';
 
-			if (count($this->xh[$pname]['headers'] > 0))
+			if (count($this->xh[$pname]['headers']) > 0)
 			{
 				echo "---HEADERS---\n";
 				foreach ($this->xh[$pname]['headers'] as $header)
@@ -1649,7 +1650,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
  *
  * @category	XML-RPC
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/xmlrpc.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/xmlrpc.html
  */
 class XML_RPC_Values extends CI_Xmlrpc
 {
@@ -1911,10 +1912,10 @@ class XML_RPC_Values extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	 * @param	int	unix timestamp
 	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
-	*/
+	 */
 	public function iso8601_encode($time, $utc = FALSE)
 	{
-		return ($utc) ? strftime('%Y%m%dT%H:%i:%s', $time) : gmstrftime('%Y%m%dT%H:%i:%s', $time);
+		return ($utc) ? date('Ymd\TH:i:s', $time) : gmdate('Ymd\TH:i:s', $time);
 	}
 
 } // END XML_RPC_Values Class
diff --git a/system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php b/system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 0274f13..b91d3fc
--- a/system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ if ( ! class_exists('CI_Xmlrpc', FALSE))
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	XML-RPC
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/xmlrpc.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/xmlrpc.html
  */
 class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc {
 
@@ -348,7 +349,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc {
 				return new XML_RPC_Response(0, $this->xmlrpcerr['unknown_method'], $this->xmlrpcstr['unknown_method']);
 			}
 		}
-		elseif (($objectCall && ! is_callable(array($method_parts[0], $method_parts[1])))
+		elseif (($objectCall && ( ! method_exists($method_parts[0], $method_parts[1]) OR ! (new ReflectionMethod($method_parts[0], $method_parts[1]))->isPublic()))
 			OR ( ! $objectCall && ! is_callable($this->methods[$methName]['function']))
 		)
 		{
@@ -402,15 +403,11 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc {
 			{
 				return get_instance()->{$method_parts[1]}($m);
 			}
-			else
-			{
-				return $this->object->{$method_parts[1]}($m);
-			}
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			return call_user_func($this->methods[$methName]['function'], $m);
+
+			return $this->object->{$method_parts[1]}($m);
 		}
+
+		return call_user_func($this->methods[$methName]['function'], $m);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -499,10 +496,8 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc {
 
 			return new XML_RPC_Response(new XML_RPC_Values($docstring, 'string'));
 		}
-		else
-		{
-			return new XML_RPC_Response(0, $this->xmlrpcerr['introspect_unknown'], $this->xmlrpcstr['introspect_unknown']);
-		}
+
+		return new XML_RPC_Response(0, $this->xmlrpcerr['introspect_unknown'], $this->xmlrpcstr['introspect_unknown']);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Zip.php b/system/libraries/Zip.php
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
index 2c71e1f..6b50819
--- a/system/libraries/Zip.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Zip.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  *
  * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * @package	CodeIgniter
  * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/)
- * @license	http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
+ * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
  * @link	https://codeigniter.com
  * @since	Version 1.0.0
  * @filesource
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Encryption
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/zip.html
+ * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/libraries/zip.html
  */
 class CI_Zip {
 
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ class CI_Zip {
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
-		isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = (extension_loaded('mbstring') && ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));
+		isset(self::$func_overload) OR self::$func_overload = ( ! is_php('8.0') && extension_loaded('mbstring') && @ini_get('mbstring.func_overload'));
 
 		$this->now = time();
 		log_message('info', 'Zip Compression Class Initialized');
@@ -406,13 +407,14 @@ class CI_Zip {
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		return $this->zipdata
-			.$this->directory."\x50\x4b\x05\x06\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+		// @see https://github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/issues/5864
+		$footer = $this->directory."\x50\x4b\x05\x06\x00\x00\x00\x00"
 			.pack('v', $this->entries) // total # of entries "on this disk"
 			.pack('v', $this->entries) // total # of entries overall
 			.pack('V', self::strlen($this->directory)) // size of central dir
 			.pack('V', self::strlen($this->zipdata)) // offset to start of central dir
 			."\x00\x00"; // .zip file comment length
+		return $this->zipdata.$footer;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/index.html b/system/libraries/index.html
old mode 100755
new mode 100644